I have a bunch of computers on my network. I have configured my router to route any incoming remote desktop connection to my server. However, I want to be able to remote in to another one of my machines too. If I add that to the list additionally, how is the router going to know which machine I want to route in to. How do I configure my router to allow me to remote in to more than one computer on my network ? I have a DLink DIR – 655 router.

Hi, I was wondering if anyone had any good wired internet service suggestions for someone living in the Bronx, NY. I have three computers, but I am looking to atleast give one more of my computers a wired connection. I currently have the linksy to connect the two other computers for a wireless connection with my main computer, but it stinks, often dropping the signal, resulting in the other two running slowly. Any ideas?

How do I connect the computers in my house? They all use the routers connection. How do I set it up so that the computers recognize each other and share files. Each time I go to network sharing none of the other computers in the house show up.

Btw most of the computers in the house use vista.

I had two computers both connected to a wireless router. Yesterday I connected a third computer to the network and, although the connection goes through for this new computer, one of the original computers now says “Limited or no connectivity” and cannot connect to the Internet. Is it possible that the new computer is using up too much bandwidth and is therefore preventing the other computer from accessing the Internet?

My trendcillin program scans the computer routinely for viruses and spyware. This list keeps popping up saying that there are several computers showing up linked to my computer. Does this affect anything and how do I stop it? When I go to do not trust it doesnt remove them from the list saying they are connected!

We have 4 computers in our house. Three are currently wireless, one hardwired. We have one printer that is connected with wires to one of the wireless computers. Right now, we can only print using that one computer. So if we are working on one of the other computers, we have to save the file and email it to ourselves and go open it on the “printing” computer. How can I print from the other three computers? Is there a way to link it all now or do I need to go buy some more equipment for the printer? Or do only certain printers have these capabilities?

We have 3 computers at work and are trying to connect them all together so that one can be the main server and the other two can dump files into it. It is okay if they are all open because we are on a secure network. As long as we can dump files into each others computers. One of the computers is running Vista and the other two are running XP. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

Is there a limit? Or can you just load to as many computers as you need, and the only other thing necessary is a paid account?

Recently I have noticed a man going outside near my house to use his laptop. I think he’s connecting with a local internet connection whenever I’m using the internet on my computer, how can I prevent other laptops or computers from accessing my internet?

I have to computers one with the O/S ME and the other XP home edition. I want to connect the two computers without using the paralell ports. I think i need to create a dial in server but i need help with this on these O/S’s.

I want to find information about computer recycling. One piece I can not find reliable info on is what percent of computers recycled/donated are able to be refurbished and resold (within the US). The numbers I have found are <2%, 10% and 50%.

How do i connect 2 computers to a network through a wireless router for file sharing? I have a internet connection ut i want to connect my two computer wirelessly to share files.

In the past, I’ve plugged in my ipod on the primary computer and another computer in my house. Both had itunes installed. However, whenever I plugged my ipod into the second computer, the files were erased off my ipod. Therefore, I had to plug it into the primary computer to retrieve the files again.

So, how can I save the same files on both computers without running the risk of deleted files?

I have a desktop computer with a wireless router. I have a laptop computer with a Linksys wireless card. I have another laptop computer with a built-in wireless card. All three computers connect to the Internet, the 2 laptops do so wirelessly.

How do I set up my three computers so that they can recognize one another as being on the same network? Can this be done wirelessly, at the very least, can the 2 laptops “see” each other? I’d like to be able to transfer files from one laptop to the other, but leverage the wireless connection.

I’m running Windows on all 3 computers.

I need to see which computers are using my wireless internet, from my router, and what sites they are going to and when. Please help thanks!

I currently have one office with a wired network and am about to get a second office room across the hall. But I’m not allowed to drill holes. How can I hook up computers in the new room to join in the existing wired network we have and access our file server without running a cable across the hallway (and still use wired computers in the new room)?

Me and my roommates have 3 computers, 2 are connected with wireless, and the other one is plugged into the router. 2 have vista and one has XP. How can i make the music folders on each computer shared, so I can just drag songs off the other computers onto mine? I tried networking it and it always ask for a password to access the other computers. How would I do this using XP and Vista ? Thanks!

I run a small business and had 2 computers in my office. I used one computer to do all the office work like keeping record & data, letters etc and the other which is connected to internet for email, research, etc. Both computers are sharing same printer. If the computer that connected to internet get attacked by a virus, does my other computer will be attacked too?

We have 3 computers. Each computer freezes up alot and internet explorer has to restart.On my sons computer it completely kills the computer. The cable company said its not on their end. The modem is theirs. The say its my old router,,all so the wallplug is kinda loose where we have them both plugged in at at the wall. My son and I both have vista and the other one is xp. Its not like we get on each others computers to pass a virus.
no dont have the disks,for any of them.

I have recently moved home to my parents, and can no longer connect to their wireless network.

There is a box saying ‘attempting to connect’ or something, and then I get an error message.

I think the problem might be that my sister has got a laptop since I have been away, and so there are currently 4 computers connected to the network. I heard that some networks automatically set a limit of 4 client PCs, so how do I increase this?

I think I read something about logging into a router, but cant remember anything more. Incidentally, the wireless box is not physically connected to any of the computers.

Hope you guys can help, thanks!

Am Moses Mati founder of Immanuel Salvation Christian centre, our ministry is based in the rural area, and we have no money to buying computers for our office. please can you help where i can get at list 2 computers and 1 printer?

Is there any specific applications that help protect the environment?
What aspects of computers causes environmental problems?
What do environmentalist think of computers?

I have an alienware gaming computer, and I am planing on getting another computer vary soon. The one I have right now is attached to a surround sound system, and it sounds awsome. The other computer I am getting is going to be a multi-media computer, and I would like to connect it to the same surround sound system.

I would like to listen to music, and play games at the same time.

How can I have both computers attached to the surround sound system, and have them both use it simaltaniously?

I would like to use the optical input on my system too. So how would I have both computers connected with optical cables at the same time?

I have 2 relatively new computers and i have no use for them and i was wondering if it was possible to connect them at the motherboard to make a really fast computer.

How have computers have changed the ways doctors treat patients?

I have to write an 8 page report, 2000 – 2500 words, and it’s due this tuesday. Help me!

What was the economic importance of Computers? especially in the 90s. Was it because it expanded the market or what b/c i’m not exactly sure. Pwease helppp mee?

My computer is wirelessly connected to a 2wire dsl modem to Century tel internet acess, the computer that is connected physically has a hp photosmart c5280 printer attached to it, how do I configure the two computers so I can print from the wirelessly connected computer, or is that possible? How does printer sharing work?

I am enrolled in college courses via internet, and I know nothing bout the schematics of computers or their operation.

i have to computers next to each other, one has a wireless adapter for the internet and the other one does not. How would i be able to connect the computer that does not have an adapter to the one that does so that they can be both connected to the internet. I do not have a laptop.

I need to connect two computers to one monitor, and also connect one mouse and one keyboard to two computers.

Is there a way to do this?

There is one wireless card on one computer. There are other computers networked to this computer. The only way to the internet is through the wireless.

I have 5 computers with vista or can be XP and i want to conect a main computer to all to have control conecting to internet and printing. how can i do this?

Here’s the situation:

I have a modem which have 4 connections. 1 of them is connected to a wireless router and 3 others to computers. When I connect to the router, I can see the workgroup computers of others who use wireless. However, I can’t see the workgroup computers of those connected to the modem.

Any way to solve this?

I have got 1 computer which is connected to the internet using a virgin media modem. But i recently bought a new computer and i want to connect that to the internet aswell. I have got a Belkin wireless router that can connect both computers to the internet. I have installed the software for one computer but i can’t do it for the other one. Please help!

My computers are all successfully sharing a dsl internet connection via a wireless router. But I can’t figure out how to get them to see each other on a file sharing network, What am I missing? No single computer can see any other computers, but they can all use the dsl connection. What gives? I’ve networked the old fashioned way before so what am I missing?

I have a Comcast provided wireless router at home.
4 of us can surf the net with no problems. However a 5ht and a 6th computer cannot be used to connect to the Internet. Is there an upper limit on how many computers can talk to the Internet when one uses a wireless router? Or is there something we are doing that is not right?

I have two computers connected in my house with a router, both wired, although they are wireless capable(no wireless cards, yet, just the router). How can I share files between the two computers? Can I use a web browser to browse through the HD of the other computer? Or am I going to have to do some sort of artificial server set-up?

In our house, we have a couple computers. Is it possible to set up and control parental controls from a single main computer (XP) that connects to the rest of the computers, monitors them, and puts on restrictions?

I have two different computers, and both of them have different sets of photos. I could get the photos from one computer easily, but when I try connecting it to the other one, it says that the iPod has to sync and that all photos on it will be replaced from photos on my computers library. I am not able to transfer all my photos on to one computer, so how can I get all those photos on my iPod?

I am about to join 1600 computers to my Active Directory domain. Their current names contain underscores, which violates the corporate naming policy. I have to change their names before I join them. These are remote machines, so I will probably use some sort of script. Before anyone suggests netdom, it only works on domain members.

Nowadays , the usage of computers is so often that one may spent almost 6 hours in front of it, work , entertainment and all.
And i heard that computers often spread radioactive waves that causes me headaches .. Is there a way to block it?
And what can these waves cause?

Especially computers that leave no paper trail. Furthermore it has been proven that the computers that do issue a paper trail can be programmed to print whatever the programmer wants.

So I ask, what purpose could this new voting system being implemented possibly serve?

This is for a college project due tomorrow, so any info at all would help.

I would like to transfer 50GB of audio files from one computer (XP) to the other (Vista). These computers are connected to the same internet connection. I’m completely lost

Thank you very much!

I have five computers in the house and one Cannon printer, it is one that can print, scan, copy,etc. How can i set it up so I can print from all the computers instead of sending documents down to the primary desktop? If you know how to do this can you please explain in detailed steps, so I can understand clearly. Thank you for your help!

I know there is some sort of limit to how many computers you can view Netflix instant movies on with your account, but exactly how many is it? I can’t seem to find this answer anywhere.

My household network consists of a router and 3 other computers connected to it. If I wanted to limit the download speed of a certain computer, what should I do? I can completely remove access to a computer in the router settings, but I only want to remove the power to Bit torrent for that computer.

How can i make the configure 1 computer to others computers
plz you have to deeply and detail understand for me

How have computers have changed the ways doctors treat patients?

I have to write an 8 page report, 2000 – 2500 words, and it’s due this tuesday. Help me!

I bought a CAT 6 crossover cable and I connected the two computers together. Now what do I do?

-Neither computer has an internet connection. I just want the two computers directly connected with no internet.

I am not talking about Internet, im talking about computers. As in, rays coming out of the computers etc. Do they have any effect on humans’ brains and they physic? Are there any negative impatcs?

“There’s too much to learn!” “Everything changes so quickly!” “I just don’t understand!”

These are all common reactions to the overwhelming challenge of learning to use a personal computer. The volume of information, the pace of change and the intimidating technical language can make learning about computers seem like an unattainable and unrealistic goal.

However, with the right strategy, learning about computers doesn’t have to be impossible. In fact, thanks to numerous opportunities on the Internet, free computer learning courses are available to everyone and, with a structured approach; you can overcome the barriers to learning about computers and find yourself mastering computer skills quickly and painlessly.

The first step on your path to learning about computers is to tune out all of the ridicule from your friends, forget your precocious eight-year-old niece’s computer skills and focus on yourself. You can do this by defining what success means to you. Do this by setting a few compelling and attainable goals that are relevant to you and assigning them realistic timelines. Make sure these goals are observable and measurable so that you know when you’ve achieved them and can celebrate your success.

For example, if you’ve never touched a computer before, you might set a goal of being able to turn the machine on and to launch three of your favorite programs by the end of your first month of learning. Or you might focus on a specific area of learning about computers, such as navigating the Internet, and set a goal of being able to find two free computer learning courses on a program you would like to learn. Your first goal should be challenging, but not overwhelming. If you stay in your comfort zone, you won’t advance, but if you set goals you can’t achieve, you’ll quickly become discouraged. By achieving some success early on, you’ll be more motivated to challenge yourself to learn faster. This will also make learning about computers fun, which will keep your motivation at a high level.

After you’ve met your first goal – and you will! – take a little time out to celebrate your success. Brag to a friend or family member. Treat yourself to a reward for overcoming all the fear, doubt and uncertainty that comes with tackling such a daunting task. Once you’ve tasted a little success and gotten your feet wet, you’ll have a much clearer idea of what you want and need to learn. If you’ve learned how to launch your three favorite programs, you might realize that you really want or need to master one of those programs. If your goal was to navigate to some free computer learning courses, you might soon realize that you need to understand the features and functionality of a specific site. While it’s tempting at this point to dive in and learn all there is to know, resist that temptation, or you’ll risk becoming overwhelmed. Remember to read sections of the web site that will teach you how to use the site properly. You can often find these under sections like FAQs, How it Works and Getting Started.

To keep your learning on track, identify your ultimate goal and then break that down into smaller steps and goals to get you there. Once you’ve broken down your end goal into a collection of smaller, bite-size chunks of skills to learn, make sure you assign dates to each of them so that you have a timeline with which to work. Again, it’s important to challenge yourself, but don’t set timelines that are so aggressive that they seem unrealistic. Once you know all the things that you need to learn and by when, it’s simply a matter of finding the resources for learning about computers by exploring the Internet, bookstores, libraries and classroom options, such as local community colleges. There are also several free computer learning courses online that will get you started in the right direction. Most of these courses allow you to learn at your own pace and will give you a great start to learning computers with little or no financial obligation. With a little research, you can find a reputable online computer learning courses, and be on your way to materializing your goals for learning about computers in no time.

Tackling the enormous undertaking of learning how to use your computer can be overwhelming. However, by breaking it down into manageable tasks and setting your own pace for learning, you’ll be a computer guru on your own terms in no time.

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Since I have been working for a Fortune 100 company, which includes about 150 employees and 100 computers on site, I have seen all kinds of weird problems occurring, therefore, I have all the necessary tools to fix all kinds of problems. Server problems, network problems, VPN problems, setting up DNS, DHCP, AD, static/dynamic IPs, remote desktop, printer sharing, local sharing of devices to terminal servers, these are just a small percentage of the problems I fix.

I have excellent communication skills, therefore I can tell you the computer problems in plain English. Most users are not tech savvy while some are very technical; either way, I can be at your service to troubleshoot your computer problems without leaving your in the darkness.

I don’t charge blindly, I am happy only if you are satisfied. If the same problem occurs for the 2nd time, I don’t charge. It is that simple.

I can quickly and efficiently isolate and fix your problems. Sometimes, some problems are hidden deep which may take longer to diagnose, but don’t worry, I don’t charge by the hour. One problem, one price.

I can make your computer run as the day you brought it home. Do you need important data backed up? I can do that. Do you need to replace a hard drive but thinking you will lose everything? don’t worry, I have the tools just for that, and your data is safe. I am equipped with the latest tools to help you recover from disasters.

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ng how to fix computer errors can be a real life saver at times. With the popularity of the personal computer rising everyday obtaining some basic technical computer repair skills can be very beneficial. When you first buy your computer it runs extremely smooth but as time goes on and your usage of your computer increases you may begin to notice a change its overall performance.

The power of present day computers is amazing, although they do have their problems and if you don’t know how to fix computer errors when they present themselves you can become very inconvenienced. Computers do require regular maintenance and they need to be periodically upgraded and if you fail to keep up with some easy maintenance you will no doubt experience problems. There are a few simple tasks that can be performed to fix computer errors and help prevent them from occurring in the future.

Tips That Will Help You Fix Computer Errors

If your computers registry becomes corrupt or unstable it will dramatically affect your computers performance in a very negative way. You may notice your computer is running extremely slow and your having to wait for programs to open or it takes awhile to switch from web page to web page. If you use your computer for work or school or maybe just to run the family’s budget, learning to fix computer problems can be extremely beneficial.

When your computers registry has been corrupted you may have error messages popping up on your screen such as “fatal .exe error” or “.dll file error” and these type of errors can cause your system to shut down or freeze up leaving you with a computer that you cannot use. When these type of errors occur it can be extremely frustrating because you may be in the middle of some important work so if your learn how to fix computer errors such as these you can avoid serious down time.

One of the first steps you should take in efforts to solve your problem would be to run your disk defragmenter. Running the disk defragmenter may reduce the occurrence of errors by condensing all the files in need of repair.

To fix computer errors that are related to your computers registry, you should complete a registry scan so that all the unused, old and unwanted data can be detected and removed. To clean your computers registry you will need to buy a good registry cleaner program. I want to emphasize on the word “Buy” because there are a lot of free registry cleaners available but it’s a terrible idea to even try a free registry cleaner. Free registry cleaners will not only just not fix computer errors they will cause damage to your system. When it comes to the free registry cleaners the programmers will put in malicious code and adware and spyware programs that will collect and transmit your personal information and in many cases end up leaving your computer so damaged that it cannot be repaired.

Reg Clean is one of the more advanced registry cleaner programs available as it can perform a variety of preventative maintenance tasks as well as removing malicious spyware and viruses that have infected your registry. When you run a scan with Reg Clean it can fix computer errors as it cleans up your entire registry and it performs a registry backup while it is defragging your system.

There are a number of viruses out there that can really attack your system causing all sorts of problems. Spyware and virus programs can be the cause of a variety of computer errors. They are capable of overwriting program files or deleting necessary file extensions disabling important programs and limiting the functionality of your system. To fix computer errors that are a result of spyware and some viruses you can use updated antispyware and antivirus protection.

Damaged or corrupt programs or virus infections can cause serious damage to your computers boot section, and this will prevent your system from booting up properly or possibly not at all. When you need to fix computer errors related to your system booting up properly you should use your Windows XP Boot CD as this can repair the Windows XP installation which can overwrite computer errors picked up through spyware or viruses.

If the problems that you are having are directly related to your computers memory you will experience some of the following problems; system crashes, system hang or computer freeze, blue screen, constant restarts and crashing software programs. To fix computer errors related to your systems memory there are specific software programs that can help free up some memory space which will help solve RAM related problems. Improving your systems memory which is also known as RAM (random access memory), will improve your computers performance dramatically so I would highly advice you to do a computer memory test. To complete a memory test there is specific software available for such a task, one program that I am aware of that is very effective is called Memtest86, this can help you zero in on your problem allowing you to fix computer errors brought to your attention.

If you have tried all the advice given in this article and your still experiencing computer problems I would do a search on the Internet for information on how to fix computer errors. You will find many websites that focus on computer basics and troubleshooting. I would be very careful though and really check the websites credentials so you can be sure that your getting advice from a reliable source. There is also a software program available that can help you learn how to fix computer errors but again I would be very cautious about any program that needs to be down loaded and run on your computer. Remember preventative maintenance can save you from a lot of unnecessary problems and one of the best preventative measures you can take is to purchase a reputable registry cleaner program and use it periodically.

Today, many people rely on computers to do homework, work, and create or store useful information. Therefore, it is important for the information on the computer to be stored and kept properly. It is also extremely important for people on computers to protect their computer from data loss, misuse, and abuse.  For example, it is crucial for businesses to keep information they have secure so that hackers can’t access the information. Home users also need to take means to make sure that their credit card numbers are secure when they are participating in online transactions. 

A computer security risk is any action that could cause lost of information, software, data, processing incompatibilities, or cause damage to computer hardware,   a lot of these are planned to do damage. An intentional breach in computer security is known as a computer crime which is slightly different from a cypercrime. A cybercrime is known as illegal acts based on the internet and is one of the FBI’s top priorities.  There are several distinct categories for people that cause cybercrimes, and they are refereed as hacker, cracker, cyberterrorist, cyberextortionist, unethical employee, script kiddie and corporate spy.  The term hacker was actually known as a good word but now it has a very negative view. A hacker is defined as someone who accesses a computer or computer network unlawfully.  They often claim that they do this to find leaks in the security of a network. The term cracker has never been associated with something positive this refers to someone how intentionally access a computer or computer network for evil reasons. It’s basically an evil hacker. 

They access it with the intent of destroying, or stealing information. Both crackers and hackers are very advanced with network skills.  A cyberterrorist is someone who uses a computer network or the internet to destroy computers for political reasons.  It’s just like a regular terrorist attack because it requires highly skilled individuals, millions of dollars to implement, and years of planning. The term cyperextortionist is someone who uses emails as an offensive force. They would usually send a company a very threatening email stating that they will release some confidential information, exploit a security leak, or launch an attack that will harm a company’s network. They will request a paid amount to not proceed sort of like black mailing in a since. An unethical employee is an employee that illegally accesses their company’s network for numerous reasons. One could be the money they can get from selling top secret information, or some may be bitter and want revenge. A script kiddie is someone who is like a cracker because they may have the intentions of doing harm, but they usually lack the technical skills. They are usually silly teenagers that use prewritten hacking and cracking programs. A corporate spy has extremely high computer and network skills and is hired to break into a specific computer or computer network to steal or delete data and information.

Shady companies hire these type people in a practice known as corporate espionage. They do this to gain an advantage over their competition an illegal practice. Business and home users must do their best to protect or safeguard their computers from security risks. The next part of this article will give some pointers to help protect your computer. However, one must remember that there is no one hundred percent guarantee way to protect your computer so becoming more knowledgeable about them is a must during these days. When you transfer information over a network it has a high security risk compared to information transmitted in a business network because the administrators usually take some extreme measures to help protect against security risks. Over the internet there is no powerful administrator which makes the risk a lot higher. If your not sure if your computer is vulnerable to a computer risk than you can always use some-type of online security service which is a website that checks your computer for email and Internet vulnerabilities. The company will then give some pointers on how to correct these vulnerabilities.

The Computer Emergency Response Team Coordination Center is a place that can do this. The typical network attacks that puts computers at risk includes viruses, worms, spoofing, Trojan horses, and denial of service attacks.  Every unprotected computer is vulnerable to a computer virus which is a potentially harming computer program that infects a computer negatively and altering the way the computer operates without the user’s consent. Once the virus is in the computer it can spread throughout infecting other files and potentially damaging the operating system itself. It’s similar to a bacteria virus that infects humans because it gets into the body through small openings and can spread to other parts of the body and can cause some damage. The similarity is, the best way to avoid is preparation.  A computer worm is a program that repeatedly copies itself and is very similar to a computer virus. However the difference is that a virus needs o attach itself to an executable file and become a part of it. A computer worm doesn’t need to do that I seems copies to itself and to other networks and eats up a lot of bandwidth. A Trojan Horse named after the famous Greek myth and is used to describe a program that secretly hides and actually looks like a legitimate program but is a fake.  A certain action usually triggers the Trojan horse, and unlike viruses and worms they don’t replicate itself. Computer viruses, worms, and Trojan horses are all classifies as malicious-logic programs which are just programs that deliberately harms a computer. 

Although these are the common three there are many more variations and it would be almost impossible to list them. You know when a computer is infected by a virus, worm, or Trojan horse if one or more of these acts happen:

- Screen shots of weird messages or pictures appear.

- You have less available memory then you expected

- Music or sounds plays randomly.

- Files get corrupted

- Programs are files don’t work properly

- Unknown files or programs randomly appear

- System properties fluctuate

Computer viruses, worms, and Trojan horses deliver their payload or instructions through four common ways. One, when an individual runs an infected program so if you download a lot of things you should always scan the files before executing, especially executable files. Second, is when an individual runs an infected program. Third, is when an individual bots a computer with an infected drive, so that’s why it’s important to not leave media files in your computer when you shut it down.  Fourth is when it connects an unprotected computer to a network. Today, a very common way that people get a computer virus, worm, or Trojan horse is when they open up an infected file through an email attachment. There are literally thousands of computer malicious logic programs and new one comes out by the numbers so that’s why it’s important to keep up to date with new ones that come out each day. Many websites keep track of this.

There is no known method for completely protecting a computer or computer network from computer viruses, worms, and Trojan horses, but people can take several precautions to significantly reduce their chances of being infected by one of those malicious programs.  Whenever you start a computer you should have no removable media in he drives. This goes for CD, DVD, and floppy disks. When the computer starts up it tries to execute a bot sector on the drives and even if it’s unsuccessful any given various on the bot sector can infect the computer’s hard disk. If you must start the computer for a particular reason, such as the hard disk fails and you are trying to reformat the drive make sure that the disk is not infected.

 

The term “computer crimes” is not one often heard in criminal news. Most people don’t even realize it exists. Nevertheless, computer crimes are specifically addressed by most states’ legislatures. New York computer criminal statutes are codified in Section 156 of New York Penal Code. This article, written by a New York City criminal defense lawyer Joseph Potashnik provides a short glimpse into what is considered a New York computer crime.

The most common New York computer crime is Unauthorized use of a computer. You may be guilty of unauthorized use of a computer if you knowingly use a computer or computer service without authorization and the computer or system you use is protected by password or another security feature. Unauthorized use of a computer is a class A misdemeanor.

Another common New York computer criminal charge is Computer Trespass. Computer trespass means the person knowingly uses a computer or computer service without authorization with an intent to commit or attempt to commit any felony or, alternatively, the person knowingly gains access to computer material. Computer trespass is a class E felony.

Next in line is Computer tampering. This offense may be in several degrees depending on circumstances. You may be guilty of computer tampering in the fourth degree for using a computer or computer service (even with permission) and intentionally altering or destroying computer data or a computer program of another person without permission to do so. Computer tampering in the fourth degree is a class A misdemeanor.

If, in addition to this, the person has an intent to commit any felony or if the person has been previously convicted of any computer or theft of services crime, or the act of deleting computer material was deliberate or with the intent to cause damages for more than $1000 dollars, the person may be guilty in computer tampering in the third degree, which is a class E felony.

New York computer tampering in the second degree involves committing the crime of computer tampering in the fourth degree plus intentionally altering or destroying computer data or a computer program so as to cause damages for more than three thousand dollars. Computer tampering in the second degree is a class D felony. Finally, if an act causes more than $50,000 in damages, the person could be guilty of computer tampering in the first degree, a class C felony.

Tampering aside, another line of statutes deals with illegal copying of computer related material. Under NY Penal Law 156.30, a person may be guilty of unlawful duplication of computer related material when they illegally copy or duplicate computer or program data causing owners economic damages in the amount of more than $2,500 or copying these materials with an intent to commit felony. Unlawful duplication of computer related material is a class E felony.

You don’t have to illegally duplicate computer material to violate the statute. Simple possession of computer data may be a felony, too. For example, under Section 156.35,

a person is guilty of criminal possession of computer related material when having no right to do so, he knowingly possesses, a copy, reproduction or duplicate of any computer data or computer program which was copied, reproduced or duplicated in violation of section 156.30 with intent to benefit himself or a person other than an owner. Criminal possession of computer related material is a class E felony.

New York computer crimes statute allows for some defenses a defendant may use. Some of them include a defense that the defendant had reasonable grounds to believe that he had authorization to do all the proscribed activities.

The most well known speaker in the world is out to give you yet another stunning performance. Computer speakers are such in demand in the market now. People using the internet, teenagers hooked with their on line games are the primary users of this electronic device. Their ground-breaking inventions and improvements will surely fascinate you.

A computer speaker is a built-in device that generates the sound from the computer. This kind of speaker is designed for PCs or personal computers. A lot of different computer speakers can connect via a jack, USB, RCA connectors, socket and plug. They are commonly designed as attractive, small and versatile.

There are also durable brands that are a bit expensive but are worth the price. Computer speakers can also be used when you are listening to music, playing 3D games or watching a number of movies.

Moreover, computer speakers are in demand in the market now. People using the internet, teenagers hooked with their on line games are the primary users of this electronic device. Even the movie addict who only knows how to download their favourite and the latest movie on the net is obsessed with the idea of a good sound woofer in order to imitate their home theatres.

External speakers or the multimedia speakers are commonly equipped with a low-power internal amplifier. The standard audio connection is a stereo jack pug about 3.5 mm and coloured green for computer sound cards. Some uses an RCA connector for input but there are also types who use USB speakers which are provided with 5 Volts at 200 milliamps which can allow about a half watt of output power. They usually have an equalization feature for treble controls and bass. Computer speakers usually range from low quality, high-quality and expensive speakers.

Computer speakers vary greatly in price and quality and the typical speakers that are included in the computer package is mediocre in performance and sound quality.

Listed below are some of the types of computer speakers

? Logitech Z_2300: This computer speaker is loud and nice. The sound comes out without distortion or losing clarity. This is even at a high volume level. The Z_2300 computer speaker has a two forty watt satellite and a one hundred twenty watt subwoofer. The Logitech computer speaker is an adapter speaker that can be used in DVD players as well as in gaming.

? Lansing VS2421: This brand of computer speaker is a high-quality basic speaker. The VS2421 has a thirty five Hz to twenty Hz for a full volume sound. It also uses twenty eight watts of electricity. This computer speaker device has a hardwire remote control used for controlling the treble and volume. Its hardware remote control includes a mute button, auxiliary input both for CD players and MP3s, as well as a microphone.

? Logitech Z_5500: This brand of computer speaker device consists of six speakers as well as a subwoofer. This five hundred five watt Logitech speaker is the best speaker for movie buffs and computer gamers. The Z_5500 speaker has a very high volume level and bass control. It can also be used in CD players as well as portable DVD players.

? Tritton USB Portable Computer Speaker: This computer speaker is especially made for portable computers. Tritton USB speakers have a fixed subwoofer that is suitable both for low and high volume control. This type of speaker does not need power adapters or even batteries. This USB portable computer speaker is powered by fifty centimeters of USB cable. This speaker uses about one hundred ten to two hundred watts.

? Edifier S2.1 computer speaker: This computer speaker features three different inputs such as analog and two digital inputs. The two digital inputs inside this speaker consist of one optical and one coax. The S2.1 speakers have a wired remote, LFE, treble and loudness volume. This computer speaker comes with four meters of optical cable and three meters of cable stereo analogue. It also has a decent high output for a sixty-five inch subwoofer. Edifier speakers have removable grills. The S2.1 has a maximum of one thousand power consumption.

? Groove PM21Computer Speakers: This speaker brings high-qualities of sound. It also mixes great sound to PCs and laptops. PM21 has a simple set up composed of three speakers as well as a modern design for flat monitors. It also includes a compact style that is suitable for travelers. This speaker is around two hundred twenty watts. Groove computer speakers bring a clear and nice sound to every computer.

? Cyber Acoustic 3001 Personal Computer Speakers: This kind of speaker for computers is the best and most affordable three-piece subwoofer for computers. It has a suitable desktop volume level and cloth grill coating. The speakers have three poly carbons, two high rate satellite radiators plus a high quality woofer.

? Labtec Pulse 430 Personal Computer speakers: The Pulse speaker has a tall three-piece audio that is cheap and very convenient for everyday usage. It also has a great subwoofer for throbbing bass as well as packed in satellite speakers. This three-piece powerful speaker provides realistic, dynamic, powerful and crystal clear sounds. Labtec Pulse features a USB, jack, socket and plug connector.

? Hidden Spy Computer Speakers: This speaker delivers high quality, powerful clear sounds. Computer speakers of this brand have an attractive style as well as coat cover speakers. It has a USB cable and jack connection. Hidden Spy speakers are around one hundred ten watts to two hundred twenty watts.

Thus, when it comes to recently featured computer speakers, Altec- Lansing is well known and respected. This is due to the long years it has put in developing the best sound woofers for your computers.

In fact, Altec-Lansing released their new high-end computer speakers. It has a simple, elegant style and complete with fantastic sounds, making it perfect for people who only seek quality computer speakers for their computers and audio devices.

Their FX series possess a remarkable sound from the FX satellites’ REAL two-way system. This means that each satellite has two drivers that are both active. The beauty of this new innovation is that the FX 4021 and FX 5051 can be mounted on the wall. Thus, the first 5.1 system of FX5051 can offer the advantage of having a USB plug -and -play connectivity, which adds to its ease of use.

Comparing the FX 4021 and the FX 5051 specifications, with regards to its unique features are as follows:

FX 4021 uses an isobaric subwoofer with dual 5.25 inches woofers. Aside from this, the rest of the specifications are already similar to the FX 5051. Hence, the FX5051 is similar on some specifications with the FX 4021 but it has a better isobaric subwoofer with dual 6.5 inches woofers, a USB 5.1 connectivity, digital hardwired controller for stand-by, master volume, bass, treble and centre controls.

It also needs a minimum system requirement of a personal computer with a 500 MHz processor, Operating system of Windows 98SE, 2000, ME or XP, a minimum Random Access Memory of 64 megabytes, music and game title that is encoded for 5.1. This is along with an available Universal Serial Bus or USB port.

Both models have a two- way satellite that can be mounted to the wall. Plus, each satellite possesses the following:

? a 40 mm midrange driver

? 18 mm tweeter

? wireless remote for controls

? built in cable management

? conveniently located auxiliary input for mp3

? portable Compact Disc players

? Head Phone jack

Another innovative invention is the FX6021 which has a so called InConcert technology. This can be for music, home theatre or gaming addicts.

Moreover, this technology can deliver a crisp, clean, full- volume sound that feels like its covering every bit of you. This can even express s sound that is in a straight forward manner, not up and down. This means that the sound is clearer and uncluttered by the reflections of the ceiling, wall or floor.

Aside from this, it also has two super slim satellites that feature 12 neodymium one-inch micro drivers. Each micro driver is supported by its very own distinct amplifier. A 6.5 inches subwoofer accomplishes the sound through its low- frequency and a full- throated bass.

Comparing this high end speaker, FX6021, with a high performance speaker like the VS 4221 that possesses an impressive bass capable of registering on your Richter scale, they are still not on equal footing. This is due to the fact that the VS4221 has a 3 inch driver for a warm, uniform sound, capable of surrounding an entire room. The stunning result would be robust, rich sounds that only very few woofers can match.

Thus, a wide selection of speakers is now available and they differ depending on the user’s demands and needs. With this, it is imperative that you are constantly updated on the types of computer speakers available in the market. This way, you will be able to keep in touch with how the evolving technology can work to your advantage.

Over time and use with a windows machine you may notice that it does not run as fast as when you first got it.

This is usually because of a number of different problems that can occur with regular use of a computer. The smart computer user knows about these things and how to repair them on their own rather then having to hire a technician to solve the problem, (costing you time with out your computer and usually around 50 dollars an hour).

Possible problems usually include one or many of the following things:

Viruses

They happen, even if you spend all the money you can on antivirus software, you likely don’t even know you have one.

Spam

Loosely falls under the same definition as a virus but with some negligible variations, can also include programs that hit you computer with nasty pop ups and redirect you to web pages you don’t want to visit.

Registry

This is a comprehensive list of all programs that have ever been installed on your computer, sometimes when you uninstall a program some information can still be left on this list, the longer you have your computer the larger this list is likely to be.

To much junk

Unused programs and applications (different browser menus, and other programs)

Start up programs

On the bottom right of your computer beside the clock is usually a bunch of icons. These represent programs that are running on your computer at a given time, the problem is that not all programs that are running display an icon in the taskbar. There is usually much more programs running at a time that you are unaware of.

So lets get started then. Bellow are some tips almost any computer user can performe, to help speed up your computer

1. Restore Point

Before we get started we are going to record a windows restore point. If at any point you feel you’ve made a big mistake you can always go back into the windows restore program and reverte to where you’re computer was at before you tried to fix it. This should give you the confidence to play and adjust settings on your computer without the worry of messing it up. To do this you go to the start menu -> Program files – > Accessories -> System tools -> System restore.

A new program will open from there all you have to do is ask your computer to set a restore point, later if needed you can revert to it. A restore point is a virtual snap shot of your computers settings. It may take a few moments to process.

2. Safe Mode

Because you probably have viruses and unwanted programs slowing down your computer, in order to make the clean up process easier and more efficient we will put your computer into safe mode to run quicker. Safe mode is a basic start up of windows without all the extra bells and whistles that slow down your computer. Also if there is any viruses or programs running on your computer they will very likely not be running in safe mode.

To get into safe mode simply restart your computer then right as it is starting up press F8 on your keyboard, A menu will come up listing some options for you, you need to select Safe mode with networking so that you can still have access to the internet.

It is important to press F8 at a precise time as windows is starting up, some computers will prompt you on the bottom of the screen as its loading but its ok if you just keep pressing it until the menu loads, you can definitely press it more than once.

3a. Windows Updates

Windows frequently releases security updates for problems they find with their operating system. It is usually set up to do it automatically but most people ignore it for whatever reason. Even if this is not the case go to www.windowsupdate.microsoft.com and run through their automatic updates program. Its really easy just basically keep clicking yes and next until it is complete. Once the updates are finished it will prompt you to restart your computer, do so before you continue onto the next step.

3b. Restart Again

The computer will likely restart you into normal windows mode, we will continue to work on your computer through safe mode as it will run the next steps quicker, and we can pretty much guarantee that the viruses won’t be running aswell. So restart your computer again and enter into safe mode again.

4. Anti-virus

Ok the easy step to do now is to run a virus scan. Even if you don’t have an anti-virus program on your computer you can still scan your computer for free. The site I recommend is antivirus.com put on by a company called trendmicro, this company mainly profits from its corporate clients but offers a free online scan to public users. Simply go to antivurs.com and look for their free online services for home and office use. Then follow the instructions to run the housecall program on all your local hard drives. This program will provide a current scan of your computer removing all known viruses. Its updates everyday with new definitions so you always know you have an up to date program.

There are a couple other virus programs I should mention. Some of the commercial versions of virus software (Norton and Mcafee) are usually expensive, and require a subscription. In addition to the cost they all use alot of your computers resources to run. So if you are trying to remove virus to speed up a computer by installing Norton you likely won’t notice a difference in speed as it is probably making just as slow.

The solution is to get AVG free edition, Which is a free virus program for all to use, They do also have a subscription version that has a few more features but even the full version of AVG uses way less resources on your computer then norton or Mcafee.So after you’ve finished fixing your computer if you do want to install an antivirus program you may choose to.

4b. Restart in normal mode

At this point you will need to restart you computer and let it boot normally to get out of safe mode

5. MSCONFIG

This program isn’t very well known to most computer users but it is crucial to keeping your computer clean and organized. MSCONFIG is a windows program on all windows machines that controls all start up settings. To access it go to your start menu and click on the run command then type MSCONFIG and press enter.

This program will open in a new window and there will usually be 4 tabs at the top of the window. The main one that you can edit with little difficulty or computer knowledge is the start up tab, click on it and you will see a list of all programs that start when your computer starts up. In reality there is really only 2 or 3 programs that are absolutely necessary These are your systray and anything to do with windows explorer. At this point what you can do is go through the list and uncheck any programs that look suspicious or that you know are malicious or unwanted. When you apply the settings it will ask you to reboot. Once the reboot is complete if all is well you can uncheck more of the programs from the list and see if you computer will still run as you need it. Usually I uncheck almost all of them then add the ones I absolutely need back in after. You can also work in reverse and gradually remove a few at a time and make sure your computer is still ok after each reset. You will need to performe this step a number of times until you have the computer running as quickly as possible with the programs you need.

Usually some of the types of programs that are ok to have on your start up include your software for your burner, msn, your antivirus software, printer software,windows themes.

Tip: If your not sure what a particular program does then you can google all the information list in the startup list on that program and you can usually get an answer.

6. Registry

Similarly to MSCONFIG and the start up list. Your computer registry stores a list of all programs that have ever been installed on your machine. So if you’ve had your computer a while and added and removed alot of programs there can be alot of entries in your registry. A handy program also available on the antivirus.com site is the Hijack This program. This program allows you to clean up and edit your registry.

Caution!!!!!

Be very careful with this step, only remove entries you are sure that are old and unused. This can mess up your computer if done incorrectly, that is why the hijack this program is a good tool to use. Risk of failure can be reduced by setting another restore point before you performe this task.

The windows program that is used to allow you to perform the same task is called REGEDIT. I would only suggest this program for advanced users, and I only use it when I know specifically what program I want to remove from the registry as I can search for it with the find and replace tool.

Hope these tips provide you with a little more confidence and can save you a few service call to the tech support companies.

INTRODUCTION

the Visual display Unit (VDU) according to International Labour Office (1989) defined VDU as an electrical instrument that is use to display the information recieved from the computer system,in a very short period of time emerged from comparative obscruity in scientific laboratory(s) to become an integral and indespensable part of normal working life for millions of people both in home and in workplaces. As the technological revolutioncontinues, the use of computer with screen-base output unit or VDU grows at an incresing rate. worlwide, millions of VDUs are now in use, recieving and processing information on television-like screen or monitors. Also, it is a television type monitor that display information recieved from computer system wordprocessor rather than from a signal broad cast for televisio. The VDU contributes the interactive element between the operator and the computer system. The VDU could be limited to a main computer, as with a terminal or the physical entity comporising the VDU could also include the computer system, as with a personal computer (PC). the basic principle of operation of most VDUs in use is simikar to that of television sets.They contain a large evacuated glass tube, called Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), which include a source of electrons (The Cathode) and a phospor coating on thte inside of the vewing face of the screen. A high voltage (typically) in the range of 10-25kv accelerated electrons, releasing from the cathod towards a second electrode called The Cathode. They pass the through a hole in the anode on to the phosphor materials. However, computers are very important and for all the apparent complexity, they seems to hve a wide range of uses and play an ever-increasing role within our society likeoffice, commerce and industries, public services and of course schools and home, with this we can see that the importance of computer monitor can not be over emphasis.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study is to determine the influence of computer monitor (VDU) a computer system of an organisation and it is stated below:

1. what are the effect of VDU to human and health?

2. what are the control measure and prevention of VDU effect?

3. what are the measuement and level of control of radiation emmision of VDU?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this seminar is to provide information on the computer monitor which base on the influence, importance and the uses of computer monitor in a computer system of an organisation.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This project work will be based mainly on the use, importance and the configuration of a computer monitor

METHODOLOGY

During the course of this project work, data were obtained from second sorce, this cisist of information from the periodicals, texetrbooks, encarta software and research findings. Aslo, search engines like www.google.com, www.devilfinder.com, www.mamma.com, and son on will also contacted during the project work.

LIMIITATION OF THE STUDY

This research work suppose to go in-depth but due to the power fai.lure, there is no money to move from one place another, insufficient time allocation and the resarch is also expensive to carry out.

ANALYSIS TO THE STUDY

In the first generation of computerwhich was between the year 1945-1958 one of the first digital computer in this generation was a machine called ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was design band built at the Moore school of Electrical Engineering at the univesity of Pennsylvanian in 1956. This ENIAC contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes wieghed more than 30 tons and required 1500 square fact of floor space. It was programmed by setting up to 6,000 switch and connecting cables between the various units of the computer.

The second generation introduced the designing computer which was between (1958-1964) machine based on the store concet using discrete semiconductor element diodes, translator and so on. The vacuum tube was reduce to weighed about 25 tons and required 1000 sqaure of the floor space and again reduction in heat generation. The size-reduction brought by the utilization of semiconductor elements.

Between 1964-1971 which was the third generation f computer which was the third generation of computer which was characterized by further reduction in sixe of the VDu low cast, low in heat generatiion. Introduction of im[proved method of storing datas and applicaron of Integrated Circuits (I.C.), they accepted their input data through magnetic tape and magnetic disk, which they also accepted for secondary storage.

During 1971-1975, Here computer were first designed on the basis of large-scale integrated circuit along with vacuum 3tube and transistror. Each electronic along has its own set of characteristics including reliability, packing density, heated dissipation, speed and cost of all which designer must balance then the VDU size was drastically reduced compare to the first generation and the cost which is very cheap. This fourth of computer are otherwise known as microprocessor on a chip and is characterized by the energence of personal computer (PCs) so called foruth generation programming language such as spread sheet, Dbase III, windowing menu dialoging and other paraphernalia.

The fifth generation of computer (1975-1995) is the mother language or lingual franca of each user. Hence the following thechonolgies were involved in the fifth generation; (1) Micro electronics (2) computer architecture (3) Artificial intelligence (4) Language processing (5) database management. A logical influence is an elementary inductive method of reasoning and each lips is equivalent to some 300 instruction on a conventional computer.

The sixth generation of computer monitor was the geneation which innovation called Optic Computer, the computer of this generation is from year 1995 till date and the computer of this generation are laptop computer, palmtop computer, plasma computer all which are usin a flat screen are been constructed. Here are the computer monitor that came into being in this generation MDA (Monocrono Display Adapter), HA (Hercules Adapter). CGA (Color Graphic Adapter), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), Palmtop Plasma Television and so on.

THE DESIGN OF A MONITOR

The Monitor could be linke to a main computer, as with a terminal, or the physical entity comprising the VDU could also include the computer system, as with a personal computer (PC). The basic principle of operation of most VDUs in use is similar to that of television sets. They contain a large evacuated glass tube called Cathod Ray Tube (CRT), which include a source of electrons (the cathode) and a phosphor coating on the inside of the viewing face of the screen. A high voltage (typically in the range of 10-25kv) accelerates electrons release trom the cathod towards a second elctrode on to the direction and thus the impact of the points of the electrons on the phosphor are controlledby magnetic field produced by deflecting the coils mounted near the back of the tube. In this manner, the electron beam is swept horizontally and vertically across the viewing face-the whole face normally being-covered in about 1/70th of a second. By modulating the intensity of the electron beam in each position, the resulting pattern of light and dark points can be generated into pictrue. The electronic circuit used to control these processess gives rise to both radio frequency (RF) field and to electric and magnetic fields of lower frequencies. Recently, solid state circuitry in conjuction with liquid crystal, gas plasma or similar display technology(s) has been used to replace cathode ray tube. However, to a rather limited extent.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Computer:- an electronic device capable of storing and processing information in accordance with a set of instruction.

Cathode Ray Tube:- a vacuum tube in which beam of electrones produce a luminous image on a fluorescence screen, used in television and display unit (VDU).

Monitor:- a television used to view a pictrue from a particular camera o a display from a computer.

Monochrome:- consisting of or display image in black and white or in varying tones of one color.

Hercules:- requiring or having greate strnght or effects.

Flash:- shine with a bright but brief or irregular light.

Pixel (Pictrue Element):- any of the tiny ray of light on a display screen which are made up of an image.

Pallete:- a thin board on which an artist lay anf mixes pints abd the range of color used by an artists.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, there are no health hazards associated wityh radiation, graphic adapter and field from VDUs. However, since a large number of people are involved in VDU work measure sohould be taken to ensure that VDU workplace are economically well designed. This include aspect of the VDU, the workstation and the work environment as well as work organiszation.

REFERENCES

Bergqiust, U. (1984), “Video Display Terminals and Health”, in scandinavia via journal of work environment and

health (helsinkin), vol.10.

Health and Welfare (Canada).1993), Investigations of Radiation Emission from Vidoe Display Terminals, Reporter 83-

-91 (Ottawa, Environment Health Directorate).

Intenational Labour Office (ILO), 1989. Working With Visual Display Unit, Occupational safety and Health Series

No. 61.

Locksley E.A. et al (2006). Introduction to Computer Studies 1, Immacuilate Concept, Ogbomosho, Oyo state

Pg. 3-7.

Micheal Tooley (1997), PC Troubleshooting Pocket Book, the bath press Pg. 150.

Let’s face it for many being on the computer is hassle-full. Being on the computer isn’t fun and productive any more.

Whether your home or business computers are online or offline over time they seem to slow down and many times crash. Being on the computer isn’t fun and productive any more. What is it that

causes these problems?

It’s my experience that the average individual knows a lot about his/her chosen field and very little about computer repair services and protecting information stored on a home or business computer.

Most of us are looking for a simple easy way to work or play on our computer. Unfortunately, computers have become complicated, necessary tools. Yet, it seems, several months after purchasing a computer it begins to bog down and run slower. You might experience mysterious freeze ups and crashes. Once this problem turns into a nuisance, generally, the computer is taken into a computer repair service shop where it will be out of commission for a week or so and a few hundred dollars spent to clean it up.

Most people don’t understand the relationship between a slow running computer and cyber-crime. Yet, the relationship is huge. There is a huge need to develop safe computer practices and rely on

an emerging computer industry called “Personal Computer Services.”

One of the ways I like to describe computer safe practices is by comparing it to safe dental practices. We are encouraged to develop an everyday practice of flossing and cleaning teeth, right? We do this to keep the teeth clean and avoid dental problems like infection and tooth decay in the future. In other words we do this to avoid dental hassles. We want a hassle-free dental experience.

Now, when you compare best dental practices to keeping your computer running like new, you need to implement similar measures. Only this time instead of brushing and flossing you have to develop safe computer practices including purchasing the computer repair service money can buy. On top of that, you’ll also need to set up a safe practices guideline for everyone in your family.

A slow running computer or a computer that crashes frequently may be a sign of Malware (Trojans, viruses, worms, and other malicious code) on your computer. These hacker tools not only can be used to steal sensitive information from your computer they slow your computer down or even cause computer crashes. Unfortunately, traditional over-the-counter computer protection products don’t keep up with this growing problem. If they did would we continue to have these problems?

Over the last three years there’s been a huge shift from curious hackers to professional hackers creating devious methods to steal proprietary information from computers like yours. This evolving threat is costing individuals and businesses tens of billions of dollars every year. V. McNiven, an advisor to the U.S Department of treasury has stated, “The proceeds from cyber-crime are now greater than the sale of illegal drugs.

These evil hackers continue to find more devious ways of stealing financial and proprietary information. It is important that every individual, family and business have a computer repair service plan in place to protect themselves from these cyber terrorists.

You might be surprised to learn that computers that don’t go online are vulnerable through file sharing from infected flash drives, cds and floppies. These devices, when infected, can install scrambling software or logic bomb software that opens up the possibility of extortion to get your proprietary information back.

A 2007 PC Magazine survey of 42,000 PCs worldwide released last September showed the top speed killers. The problems included:

· Over 52 percent of the PCs surveyed were clogged up with spyware

· Over 60 percent of the PCs surveyed had un-optimized Internet settings slowing the Internet down and even signaling that spyware and other malware have secretly stolen portions of your bandwidth to run on your PC.

· Surveyed computers also contained an average of twelve serious registry problems per unit that may have been caused by spyware and other malware.

Incredible, many of these computers are supposedly protected by the over-the-counter products that aren’t doing what they promise to do. So how can individuals and small businesses protect against identity theft, fraud and extortion? How can they get their computers back to running like new again?

Here are six crucial steps to protecting your computer and making it fun and productive again:

1. Keep your computers patched. Microsoft has automatic patch updates. Make sure are signed up to receive them.

2. Use professional enterprise grade anti-virus and anti-spyware at the email and web gateways. Install a professional grade by-directional firewall to guard against backdoor threats.

3. Use sender-authentication technologies, such as Sender Policy Framework (SPF) to make phishing far more difficult since – In theory – phishers will only be able to send their spam from “unapproved” domains.

4. Develop and enforce a password policy. This will make passwords difficult to be guessed. Use a different password for each situation. Make sure these passwords are changed frequently. If you use one password for every web site, for example, and a phisher manages to steal it, all of your online activity is at risk. Sophos, an enterprise grade Internet Security Company, recently conducted a business poll and discovered 41 percent of the respondents were using the same password for all web sites.

5. Keep an eye on the advice from organizations promoting safe computing. Many of their web sites will list the latest threats, and give advice on how to protect your home and business against them.

6. Always report suspicious activity.

Just as important, find a computer repair service that offers “Personal Computer Services.” Your personal computer service should include online repair at no additional cost. The end result: hassle-free computing making being on the computer fun and productive again. With the right computer repair service, using computers at home and at work should be hassle-free allowing you to focus more on your home and business activities.

Today, many people rely on computers to do homework, work, and create or store useful information. Therefore, it is important for the information on the computer to be stored and kept properly. It is also extremely important for people on computers to protect their computer from data loss, misuse, and abuse. For example, it is crucial for businesses to keep information they have secure so that hackers can’t access the information. Home users also need to take means to make sure that their credit card numbers are secure when they are participating in online transactions. A computer security risk is any action that could cause lost of information, software, data, processing incompatibilities, or cause damage to computer hardware, a lot of these are planned to do damage. An intentional breach in computer security is known as a computer crime which is slightly different from a cypercrime. A cybercrime is known as illegal acts based on the internet and is one of the FBI’s top priorities. There are several distinct categories for people that cause cybercrimes, and they are refereed as hacker, cracker, cyberterrorist, cyberextortionist, unethical employee, script kiddie and corporate spy. The term hacker was actually known as a good word but now it has a very negative view. A hacker is defined as someone who accesses a computer or computer network unlawfully. They often claim that they do this to find leaks in the security of a network. The term cracker has never been associated with something positive this refers to someone how intentionally access a computer or computer network for evil reasons. It’s basically an evil hacker. They access it with the intent of destroying, or stealing information. Both crackers and hackers are very advanced with network skills. A cyberterrorist is someone who uses a computer network or the internet to destroy computers for political reasons. It’s just like a regular terrorist attack because it requires highly skilled individuals, millions of dollars to implement, and years of planning. The term cyperextortionist is someone who uses emails as an offensive force. They would usually send a company a very threatening email stating that they will release some confidential information, exploit a security leak, or launch an attack that will harm a company’s network. They will request a paid amount to not proceed sort of like black mailing in a since. An unethical employee is an employee that illegally accesses their company’s network for numerous reasons. One could be the money they can get from selling top secret information, or some may be bitter and want revenge. A script kiddie is someone who is like a cracker because they may have the intentions of doing harm, but they usually lack the technical skills. They are usually silly teenagers that use prewritten hacking and cracking programs. A corporate spy has extremely high computer and network skills and is hired to break into a specific computer or computer network to steal or delete data and information. Shady companies hire these type people in a practice known as corporate espionage. They do this to gain an advantage over their competition an illegal practice. Business and home users must do their best to protect or safeguard their computers from security risks. The next part of this article will give some pointers to help protect your computer. However, one must remember that there is no one hundred percent guarantee way to protect your computer so becoming more knowledgeable about them is a must during these days. When you transfer information over a network it has a high security risk compared to information transmitted in a business network because the administrators usually take some extreme measures to help protect against security risks. Over the internet there is no powerful administrator which makes the risk a lot higher. If your not sure if your computer is vulnerable to a computer risk than you can always use some-type of online security service which is a website that checks your computer for email and Internet vulnerabilities. The company will then give some pointers on how to correct these vulnerabilities. The Computer Emergency Response Team Coordination Center is a place that can do this. The typical network attacks that puts computers at risk includes viruses, worms, spoofing, Trojan horses, and denial of service attacks. Every unprotected computer is vulnerable to a computer virus which is a potentially harming computer program that infects a computer negatively and altering the way the computer operates without the user’s consent. Once the virus is in the computer it can spread throughout infecting other files and potentially damaging the operating system itself. It’s similar to a bacteria virus that infects humans because it gets into the body through small openings and can spread to other parts of the body and can cause some damage. The similarity is, the best way to avoid is preparation. A computer worm is a program that repeatedly copies itself and is very similar to a computer virus. However the difference is that a virus needs o attach itself to an executable file and become a part of it. A computer worm doesn’t need to do that I seems copies to itself and to other networks and eats up a lot of bandwidth. A Trojan Horse named after the famous Greek myth and is used to describe a program that secretly hides and actually looks like a legitimate program but is a fake. A certain action usually triggers the Trojan horse, and unlike viruses and worms they don’t replicate itself. Computer viruses, worms, and Trojan horses are all classifies as malicious-logic programs which are just programs that deliberately harms a computer. Although these are the common three there are many more variations and it would be almost impossible to list them. You know when a computer is infected by a virus, worm, or Trojan horse if one or more of these acts happen:

Screen shots of weird messages or pictures appear.

You have less available memory then you expected

Music or sounds plays randomly.

Files get corrupted

Programs are files don’t work properly

Unknown files or programs randomly appear

System properties fluctuate

Computer viruses, worms, and Trojan horses deliver their payload or instructions through four common ways. One, when an individual runs an infected program so if you download a lot of things you should always scan the files before executing, especially executable files. Second, is when an individual runs an infected program. Third, is when an individual bots a computer with an infected drive, so that’s why it’s important to not leave media files in your computer when you shut it down. Fourth is when it connects an unprotected computer to a network. Today, a very common way that people get a computer virus, worm, or Trojan horse is when they open up an infected file through an email attachment. There are literally thousands of computer malicious logic programs and new one comes out by the numbers so that’s why it’s important to keep up to date with new ones that come out each day. Many websites keep track of this. There is no known method for completely protecting a computer or computer network from computer viruses, worms, and Trojan horses, but people can take several precautions to significantly reduce their chances of being infected by one of those malicious programs. Whenever you start a computer you should have no removable media in he drives. This goes for CD, DVD, and floppy disks. When the computer starts up it tries to execute a bot sector on the drives and even if it’s unsuccessful any given various on the bot sector can infect the computer’s hard disk. If you must start the computer for a particular reason, such as the hard disk fails and you are trying to reformat the drive make sure that the disk is not infected.

In 1983, Fred Cohen coined the term “computer virus”, postulating a virus was "a program that can ‘infect’ other programs by modifying them to include a possibly evolved copy of itself.” The term virus is actually an acronym for Vital Information Resources Under Seize. Mr. Cohen expanded his definition a year later in his 1984 paper, “A Computer Virus”, noting that “a virus can spread throughout a computer system or network using the authorizations of every user using it to infect their programs. Every program that gets infected may also act as a virus and thus the infection grows.” Computer viruses, as we know them now, originated in 1986 with the creation of Brain – the first virus for personal computers. Two brothers wrote it (Basid and Farooq Alvi who ran a small software house in Lahore, Pakistan) and started the race between viruses and anti-virus programs which still goes on today.

Using the above explanation, it can be said that viruses infect program files. However, viruses can also infect certain types of data files, specifically those types of data files that support executable content, for example, files created in Microsoft Office programs that rely on macros.

Compounding the definition difficulty, viruses also exist that demonstrate a similar ability to infect data files that don’t typically support executable content – for example, Adobe PDF files, widely used for document sharing, and .JPG image files. However, in both cases, the respective virus has a dependency on an outside executable and thus neither virus can be considered more than a simple ‘proof of concept’. In other cases, the data files themselves may not be infectable, but can allow for the introduction of viral code. Specifically, vulnerabilities in certain products can allow data files to be manipulated in such a way that it will cause the host program to become unstable, after which malicious code can be introduced to the system. These examples are given simply to note that viruses no longer relegate themselves to simply infecting program files, as was the case when Mr. Cohen first defined the term. Thus, to simplify and modernize, it can be safely stated that a virus infects other files, whether program or data.

Computer viruses are called viruses because they share some of the traits of biological viruses. A computer virus passes from computer to computer like a biological virus passes from person to person.

There are similarities at a deeper level, as well. A biological virus is not a living thing. A virus is a fragment of DNA inside a protective jacket. Unlike a cell, a virus has no way to do anything or to reproduce by itself — it is not alive. Instead, a biological virus must inject its DNA into a cell. The viral DNA then uses the cell’s existing machinery to reproduce itself. In some cases, the cell fills with new viral particles until it bursts, releasing the virus. In other cases, the new virus particles bud off the cell one at a time, and the cell remains alive.

A computer virus shares some of these traits. A computer virus must piggyback on top of some other program or document in order to get executed. Once it is running, it is then able to infect other programs or documents. Obviously, the analogy between computer and biological viruses stretches things a bit, but there are enough similarities that the name sticks.

A computer virus is a program that replicates. To do so, it needs to attach itself to other program files (for example, .exe, .com, .dll) and execute whenever the host program executes. Beyond simple replication, a virus almost always seeks to fulfill another purpose: to cause damage.

Called the damage routine, or payload, the destructive portion of a virus can range from overwriting critical information kept on the hard disk’s partition table to scrambling the numbers in the spreadsheets to just taunting the user with sounds, pictures, or obnoxious effects.

It’s worth bearing in mind, however, that even without a ”damage routine”, if viruses are allowed to run unabated then it will continue to propagate–consuming system memory, disk space, slowing network traffic and generally degrading performance. Besides, virus code is often buggy and can also be the source of mysterious system problems that take weeks to understand. So, whether a virus is harmful or not, its presence on the system can lead to instability and should not be tolerated.

Some viruses, in conjunction with "logic bombs," do not make their presence known for months. Instead of causing damage right away, these viruses do nothing but replicate–until the preordained trigger day or event when they unleash their damage routines on the host system or across a network.

Impact of Viruses on Computer Systems

Virus can be reprogrammed to do many kinds of harm including the following.

1.Copy themselves to other programs or areas of a disk.

2.Replicate as rapidly and frequently as possible, filling up the infected system’s disk and memory rendering the systems useless.

3.Display information on the screen.

4.Modify, corrupt or destroy selected files.

5.Erase the contents of entire disks.

6.Lie dormant for a specified time or until a given condition is met, and then become active.

7.Open a back door to the infected system that allows someone else to access and even control of the system through a network or internet connection.

8.Some viruses can crash the system by causing some programs (typically Windows) to behave oddly.

How viruses spread from one system to another?

The most likely virus entry points are email, Internet and network connections, floppy disk drives, and modems or other serial or parallel port connections. In today’s increasingly interconnected workplace (Internet, intranet, shared drives, removable drives, and email), virus outbreaks now can spread faster and wider than ever before.

The following are some common ways for a virus to enter the users’ computer system:

•Email attachments

•Malicious scripts in web pages or HTML email

•FTP traffic from the Internet (file downloads)

•Shared network files & network traffic in general

•Demonstration software

•Pirated software

•Shrink-wrapped, production programs (rare)

•Computer labs

•Electronic bulletin boards (BBS)

•Diskette swapping (using other people’s diskettes for carrying data and programs back and forth)

High risk files

The most dangerous files types are:

.EXE, .COM, .XLS, .DOC, .MDB

Because they don’t need any special conversion to infect a computer — all they’ve got to do is run and consequently the virus spreads. It has been estimated that 99% of all viruses are written for these file formats.

A list of possible virus carriers includes:

EXE – (Executable file)

SYS – (Executable file)

COM – (Executable file)

DOC – (Microsoft Word)

XLS – (Microsoft Excel)

MDB – (Microsoft Access)

ZIP – (Compressed file, common in the USA)

ARJ – (Compressed file, common in the USA)

DRV – (Device driver)

BIN – (Common boot sector image file)

SCR – (Microsoft screen saver)

Common Symptoms Of Virus Infection

?Computer does not boot.

?Computer hard drive space is reduced.

?Applications will not load.

?An application takes longer to load than normal time period.

?Hard dive activity increases especially when nothing is being done on the computer.

?An anti virus software message appears.

?The number of hard drive bad sectors steadily increases.

?Unusual graphics or messages appear on the screen

?Files are missing (deleted)

?A message appears that hard drive cannot be detected or recognized.

?Strange sounds come from the computer.

?Some viruses take control of the keyboard and occasionally substitute a neighboring key for the one actually pressed. Another virus "swallows" key presses so that nothing appears on the screen.

?Also interesting are system time effects. Clocks going backwards are especially frightening for workers who cannot wait to go home. More seriously though, this type of virus can cause chaos for programs which depend on the system time or date.

?Some viruses can cost the user dearly by dialing out on his modem. We do not know of one which dials premium telephone numbers but no doubt we shall see one soon. One particularly malicious virus dials 911 (the emergency number in the USA) and takes up the valuable time of the emergency services.

Categories of viruses

Depending on the source of information different types of viruses may be categorized in the following ways:

PDA VIRUSES

The increasing power of PDAs has spawned a new breed of viruses. Maliciously creative programmers have leveraged the PDA’s ability to communicate with other devices and run programs, to cause digital mayhem.

The blissfully safe world where users of these devices could synchronize and download with impunity came to an end in August 2000 with the discovery of the virus Palm Liberty. Since then, many more viruses have been discovered.

Though not yet as harmful as their PC-based cousins, these viruses still pose a threat to unsuspecting users. Their effects vary from the harmless flashing of an unwanted message or an increase in power consumption, to the deletion of all installed programs. But the threat is growing, and the destructiveness of these viruses is expected to parallel the development of the devices they attack.

MULTIPARTITE VIRUSES

A virus that combines two or more different infection methods is called a multipartite virus. This type of virus can infect both files and boot sector of a disk. Multi-partite viruses share some of the characteristics of boot sector viruses and file viruses: They can infect .com files, .exe files, and the boot sector of the computer’s hard drive. On a computer booted up with an infected diskette, the typical multi-partite virus will first make itself resident in memory then infect the boot sector of the hard drive. From there, the virus may infect a PC’s entire environment. Not many forms of this virus class actually exist. However, they do account for a disproportionately large percentage of all infections. Tequila and Anticad are the examples of multipartite viruses.

BOMBS

The two most prevalent types of bombs are time bombs and logic bombs. A time bomb hides on the victim’s disk and waits until a specific date before running. A logic bomb may be activated by a date, a change to a file, or a particular action taken by a user or a program. Bombs are treated as viruses because they can cause damage or disruption to a system.

BOOT SECTOR VIRUSES

Until the mid-1990s, boot sector viruses were the most prevalent virus type, spreading primarily in the 16-bit DOS world via floppy disk. Boot sector viruses infect the boot sector on a floppy disk and spread to a user’s hard disk, and can also infect the master boot record (MBR) on a user’s hard drive. Once the MBR or boot sector on the hard drive is infected, the virus attempts to infect the boot sector of every floppy disk that is inserted into the computer and accessed. Examples of boot sector viruses are Michelangelo, Satria and Keydrop.

Boot sector viruses work like this: Let us assume that the user received a diskette with an infected boot sector. The user copied data from it but forgot to remove it from drive A:. When he started the computer next time the boot process will execute the infected boot sector program from the diskette. The virus will load first and infect the hard disk. Note that this can be prevented by changing the boot sequence in CMOS (Let C: drive boot before A:). By hiding on the first sector of a disk, the virus is loaded into memory before the system files are loaded. This allows it to gain complete control of DOS interrupts and in the process replaces the original contents of the MBR or DOS boot sector with their own contents and move the original boot sector data to another area on the disk. Because the virus has infected a system area of the hard disk it will be loaded into memory each time the computer is started. It will first take control of the lowest level disk system services before executing the original boot sector code which it has stored in another part of the hard disk. The computer seems to behave exactly as it should. Nobody will notice the extra few fractions of a second added to the boot sequence.

During normal operation the virus will happily stay in memory. Thanks to the fact that it has control of the disk services it can easily monitor requests for disk access – including diskettes. As soon as it gets a request for access to a diskette it will determine that there is a diskette in the floppy drive. It will then examine its boot sector to see if it has already been infected. If it finds the diskette clean it will replace the boot sector with its own code. From this moment the diskette will be a "carrier" and become a medium for infections on other PC’s.

The virus will also monitor special disk requests for access to the boot sector. The boot sector contains its own code, and a request to read it could be from an anti-virus program checking for virus presence. The virus will not allow the boot sector to be read and will redirect all requests to the place on the hard disk where it has backed up the original contents. In this way nothing unusual is detected. Such methods are called stealth techniques and their main goal is to mask the presence of the virus. Not all boot viruses use stealth but those which do are common.

Boot viruses also infect the non-file (system) areas of hard and floppy disks. These areas offer an efficient way for a virus to spread from one computer to another. Boot viruses have achieved a higher degree of success than program viruses in infecting their targets and spreading.

Boot virus can infect DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows 95/98, Windows NT, and even Novell Netware systems. This is because they exploit inherent features of the computer (rather than the operating system) to spread and activate.

Cleaning up a boot sector virus can be performed by booting the machine from an uninfected floppy system disk rather than from the hard drive, or by finding the original boot sector and replacing it in the correct location on the disk.

CLUSTER VIRUSES

This type of virus makes changes to a disks file system. If any program is run from the infected disk, the program causes the virus to run as well. This technique creates the illusion that the virus has infected every program on the disk.

E-MAIL VIRUSES

These types of viruses can be transmitted via e-mail messages sent across private networks or the internet. Some e-mail viruses are transmitted as an infected attachment- a document file or program that is attached to the message. This type of virus is run when the victim opens the file that is attached to the message. Other types of email viruses reside within the body of the message itself. To store a virus, the message must be encoded in html format. Once launched many e-mail viruses attempt to spread by sending messages to everyone in the victim’s address book; each of those contains a copy of the virus.

The latest thing in the world of computer viruses is the e-mail virus called Melissa virus which surfaced in March 1999. Melissa spread in Microsoft Word documents sent via e-mail, and it worked like this:

Someone created the virus as a Word document uploaded to an Internet newsgroup. Anyone who downloaded the document and opened it would trigger the virus. The virus would then send the document (and therefore itself) in an e-mail message to the first 50 people in the person’s address book. The e-mail message contained a friendly note that included the person’s name, so the recipient would open the document thinking it was harmless. The virus would then create 50 new messages from the recipient’s machine. As a result, the Melissa virus was the fastest-spreading virus ever seen and it forced a number of large companies to shut down their e-mail systems at that time.

The ILOVEYOU virus, which appeared on May 4, 2000, was even simpler. It contained a piece of code as an attachment. People who double clicked on the attachment allowed the code to execute. The code sent copies of itself to everyone in the victim’s address book and then started corrupting files on the victim’s machine. This is as simple as a virus can get. It is really more of a Trojan horse distributed by e-mail than it is a virus.

The Melissa virus took advantage of the programming language built into Microsoft Word called VBA, or Visual Basic for Applications. It is a complete programming language and it can be programmed to do things like modify files and send e-mail messages. It also has a useful but dangerous auto-execute feature. A programmer can insert a program into a document that runs instantly whenever the document is opened. This is how the Melissa virus was programmed. Anyone who opened a document infected with Melissa would immediately activate the virus. It would send the 50 e-mails, and then infect a central file called NORMAL.DOT so that any file saved later would also contain the virus! It created a huge mess.

FILE INFECTING VIRUSES

File infectors operate in memory and usually infect executable files with the following extensions: *.COM, *.EXE, *.DRV, *.DLL, *.BIN, *.OVL, *.SYS. They activate every time the infected file is executed by copying themselves into other executable files and can remain in memory long after the virus has activated.

Thousands of different file infecting viruses exist, but similar to boot sector viruses, the vast majority operates in a DOS 16-bit environment. Some, however, have successfully infected the Microsoft Windows, IBM OS/2, and Apple Computer Macintosh environments.

File viruses can be separated further into sub-categories by the way they manipulate their targets:

TSR FILE VIRUSES

A less common type of virus is the terminate-and-stay-resident file virus. As the name suggests these infect files usually these are .com and .exe files. there are however some device driver viruses, some viruses that infect overlay files, and although over 99% of executable programs have the extension .com and .exe, some do not .For a TSR virus to spread some one has to run an infected program. The virus goes memory resident typically looking at each program run thereafter and infects it. Examples of TSR file viruses are Dark Avenger and Green Caterpillar.

OVERWRITING VIRUSES

These viruses infect by overwriting part of their target with their own code but, by doing so, they damage the file. The file will never serve another purpose other than spreading the virus further. Because of this they are usually detected quickly and do not spread easily.

PARASITIC VIRUSES

These viruses attach themselves to executables without substantially changing the contents of the host program. They attach by adding their code to the beginning, end, or even middle of the file and divert program flow so that the virus is executed first. When the virus has finished its job, control is passed on to the host. Execution of the host is a little delayed but this is usually not noticeable.

MACRO VIRUSES

Many older applications had simple macro systems that allowed the user to record a sequence of operations within the application and associate them with a specific keystroke. Later, the user could perform the same sequence of operations by merely hitting the specified key.

Newer applications provide much more complex macro systems. User can write entire macro-programs that run within the word processor or spreadsheet environment and are attached directly onto word processing and spreadsheet files. Unfortunately, this ability also makes it possible to create macro viruses.

Macro viruses currently account for about 80 percent of all viruses, according to the International Computer Security Association (ICSA), and are the fastest growing viruses in computer history. Unlike other virus types, macro viruses aren’t specific to an operating system and spread with ease via email attachments, floppy disks, Web downloads, file transfers, and cooperative applications.

Macro viruses are, however, application-specific. A macro virus is designed to infect a specific type of document file, such as Microsoft word or excel files. They infect macro utilities that accompany such applications as Microsoft Word and Excel, which means a Word macro virus cannot infect an Excel document and vice versa. A macro virus is embedded in a document file and can travel between data files in the application and can eventually infect hundreds of files if undeterred and in the process do various levels of damage to data from corrupting documents to deleting data.

Macro viruses are written in "every man’s programming language" — Visual Basic — and are relatively easy to create. They can infect at different points during a file’s use, for example, when it is opened, saved, closed, or deleted

A typical chronology for macro virus infection begins when an infected document or spreadsheet is loaded. The application also loads any accompanying macros that are attached to the file. If one or more of the macros meet certain criteria, the application will also immediately execute these macros. Macro viruses rely upon this auto-execution capability to gain control of the application’s macro system.

Once the macro virus has been loaded and executed, it waits for the user to edit a new document, and then kicks into action again. It attaches its virus macro programs onto the new document, and then allows the application to save the document normally. In this fashion, the virus spreads to another file and does so in a completely discrete fashion. Users have no idea of the infection. If this new file is later opened on another computer, the virus will once again load, be launched by the application, and find other unsuspecting files to infect.

Finally, as far as a macro virus is concerned, the application serves as the operating system. A single macro virus can spread to any of the platforms on which the application is installed and running. For example, a single macro virus that uses Microsoft Word could conceivably spread to Windows 3.x, Windows 95/98, Window NT, and the Macintosh.

Macro viruses for Word

In the summer of 1995, Microsoft Word 6 was the first product affected with macro virus. The first one (WM/Concept.A) was really only a proof of concept – one of the installed macros (called Payload) contained only this remark:

“That’s enough to prove my point”

Most macro viruses for Word use a feature called ‘automacros’. The basic principle is that some macros with special names are automatically executed when Word starts, opens a file, or closes a file. The macro virus then inserts macros into NORMAL.DOT – a standard template which is loaded every time Word starts.

In Word there are some ways to disable automacros but this isn’t the ultimate solution. Some macro viruses use other methods to take control over the Word environment.

Another method of self-protection may be to set NORMAL.DOT to read only. But this can also be bypassed and, in addition, it prevents the user from customizing the template.

Macro viruses for Excel

Excel has the same opportunities for virus authors as Word. It has automacros and a directory called XLSTART from which templates are automatically loaded.

But Excel does not have just normal VBA macros like Word. In Excel there are so called ‘formulas’ – macros stored in spreadsheet cells. The first macro virus using this technology was XF/Paix.

Macro viruses for other MS Office products:

Writing a macro virus for other Office products is not difficult. There have been already some viruses for Access, and it is expected that there will be macro viruses for Power Point in the near future.

But those macro viruses are not as dangerous as the macro viruses for Word or Excel. Not because of some limitation of these other Office products, but because data files from these products are not so frequently shared.

There is one danger which can be seen in today’s Power Point even without native macro viruses written for this product. Programmers can include in their presentation any number of objects from Excel or Word. And these objects can be infected with macro viruses – if they edit the presentation and open the infected object with its parent application, then the virus can spread further.

But the current situation may change dramatically over the next few years. Microsoft has licensed VBA technology to many firms, so one can expect to see more macro viruses for other products, too.

POLYMORPHIC VIRUSES

This type of virus can change itself each time it is copied, making it difficult to isolate. Most simple viruses attach identical copies of themselves to the files they infect. An anti-virus program can detect the virus’s code (or signature) because it is always the same and quickly ferret out the virus. To avoid such easy detection, polymorphic viruses operate somewhat differently. Unlike the simple virus, when a polymorphic virus infects a program, it scrambles its virus code in the program body. This scrambling means that no two infections look the same, making detection more difficult. These viruses create a new decryption routine each time they infect, so every infected file will have a different sequence of virus code.

STEALTH VIRUSES

Stealth viruses actively seek to conceal themselves from attempts to detect or remove them. They also can conceal changes they make to other files, hiding the damage from the user and the operating system.

Stealth viruses, or Interrupt Interceptors, as they are sometimes called, take control of key DOS-level instructions by intercepting the interrupt table, which is located at the beginning of memory. This gives the virus the ability to do two important things: 1) gain control of the system by re-directing the interrupt calls, and 2) hide itself to prevent detection. They use techniques such as intercepting disk reads to provide an uninfected copy of the original item in place of the infected copy (read-stealthing viruses), altering disk directory or folder data for infected program files (size-stealthing), or both. For example, the Whale virus is a size-stealthing virus. It infects .EXE program files and alters the folder entries of infected files when other programs attempt to read them. The Whale virus adds 9216 bytes to an infected file. Because changes in file size are an indication that a virus might be present, the virus then subtracts the same number of bytes (9216) from the file size given in the directory/folder entry to trick the user into believing that the file’s size has not changed.

An antivirus program which is not equipped with anti-stealth technology will be deceived.

COMPANION VIRUSES

A companion virus is the exception to the rule that a virus must attach itself to a file. The companion virus instead creates a new file and relies on a behavior of DOS to execute it instead of the program file that is normally executed. These viruses target EXE programs. They create another file of the same name but with a COM extension containing the virus code. These viruses take advantage of a property of MS-DOS which allows files to share the same first name in the same directory (e.g. ABC.EXE and ABC.COM) but executes COM files in preference to EXE files.

For example, the companion virus might create a file named CHKDSK.COM and place it in the same directory as CHKDSK.EXE. Whenever DOS must choose between executing two files of the same name where one has an .EXE extension and the other a .COM extension, it executes the .COM file. This is not an effective way of spreading but has one big advantage – it does not amend files in any way and so can escape integrity tests or resident protection. Another method which can be used by companion viruses is based on defined path. A virus simply puts an infected file into the path listed before the directory within the original program.

PROGRAM VIRUSES

Like normal programs, program viruses must be written for a specific operating system. The vast majority of viruses are written for DOS but some have been written for Windows 3.x, Windows 95/98, and even UNIX. All versions of Windows are compatible with DOS and can host DOS viruses with varying degrees of success. Program viruses infect program files, which commonly have extensions such as .COM, .EXE, .SYS, .DLL, .OVL, or .SCR. Program files are attractive targets for virus writers because they are widely used and have relatively simple formats to which viruses can attach.

Malicious Programs and Scripts

Viruses that infect agent programs (such as those that download software from the Internet; for example, JAVA and ActiveX).

WORM

A worm is a computer program that has the ability to copy itself from machine to machine. Worms normally move around and infect other machines through computer networks. An entire LAN or corporate e-mail system can become totally clogged with copies of a worm, rendering it useless. Worms are commonly spread over the internet via e-mail message attachments and through internet relay chat channels.

For example, the Code Red worm replicated itself over 250,000 times in approximately nine hours on July 19, 2001.

A worm usually exploits some sort of security hole in a piece of software or the operating system. For example, the Slammer worm (which caused mayhem in January 2003) exploited a hole in Microsoft’s SQL server.

Worms use up computer time and network bandwidth when they are replicating, and they often have some sort of evil intent. A worm called Code Red made huge headlines in 2001. Experts predicted that this worm could clog the Internet so effectively that things would completely grind to a halt.

The Code Red worm slowed down Internet traffic when it began to replicate itself, but not nearly as badly as predicted. Each copy of the worm scanned the Internet for Windows NT or Windows 2000 servers that do not have the Microsoft security patch installed. Each time it found an unsecured server, the worm copied itself to that server. The new copy then scanned for other servers to infect. Depending on the number of unsecured servers, a worm could conceivably create hundreds of thousands of copies.

The Code Red worm was designed to do three things:

•Replicate itself for the first 20 days of each month

•Replace Web pages on infected servers with a page that declares "Hacked by Chinese"

•Launch a concerted attack on the White House Web server in an attempt to overwhelm it

The most common version of Code Red is a variation, typically referred to as a mutated strain, of the original Ida Code Red that replicated itself on July 19, 2001.

TROJAN HORSES

Trojans, another form of malware, are generally agreed upon as doing something other than the user expected, with that “something” defined as malicious. Most often, Trojans are associated with remote access programs that perform illicit operations such as password-stealing or which allow compromised machines to be used for targeted denial of service attacks. One of the more basic forms of a denial of service (DoS) attack involves flooding a target system with so much data, traffic, or commands that it can no longer perform its core functions. When multiple machines are gathered together to launch such an attack, it is known as a distributed denial of service attack, or DDoS.

Because Trojan horses do not make duplicates of themselves on the victims disk (or copy themselves to other disks), they are not technically viruses. But because they can do harm, many experts consider them to be a type of virus. Trojan horses are often used as by hackers to create a back door to an infected system. Trojans, such as BackOrrifice are very dangerous. If anyone runs this program and his computer is connected to the internet, then the hacker can take control of that computer – transfer files to or from the computer, capture screen contents, run any program or kill any running process, etc.

Once a Trojan is installed onto the system this program has the same privileges as the user of the computer and can exploit the system to do something the user did not intend such as:

?Delete files

?Transmit to the intruder any files that the user can read

?Change any files that the user can modify

?Install other programs with the user’s privileges

?Execute privilege-elevation attacks—the Trojan can attempt to exploit a weakness to raise the level of access beyond the user running the Trojan. If successful, the Trojan can operate with increased privileges.

?Install viruses

?Install other Trojans

The Following Tips Will Help The User To Minimize Virus Risk:

?If the users are truly worried about traditional (as opposed to e-mail) viruses, they should be running a more secure operating system like UNIX. One should never hear about viruses on these operating systems because the security features keep viruses (and unwanted human visitors) away from the hard disk.

?If the users are using an unsecured operating system, then buying virus protection software is a nice safeguard. Some popular anti virus programs include:

•McAfee Virus Scan

•Norton Anti Virus

•Virex

•PC—cillin

•Avast!

•AVG Anti Virus System

?Automatic protection of anti-virus software should be turned on at all times.

?The users should perform a manual scan (or schedule a scan to occur automatically) of their hard disks weekly. These scans supplement automatic protection and confirm that the computer is virus-free.

?Scan all floppy disks before first use.

?Disable floppy disk booting — most computers now allow the user to do this, and that will eliminate the risk of a boot sector virus coming in from a floppy disk accidentally left in the drive.

?The users should Enable Automatic Update option of their anti-virus software in order to update their virus definition files.

?Creation and maintenance of a rescue disk should be done by the user in order to facilitate recovery from certain boot viruses.

?Periodic backups of the hard disk should be done.

?Users’ should buy legal copies of all software they use and make write-protected backups.

? Email messages and email attachments from unknown people should not be opened. Attachments that come in as Word files (.DOC), spreadsheets (.XLS), images (.GIF and .JPG), etc., are data files and they can do no damage (noting the macro virus problem in Word and Excel documents mentioned above). A file with an extension like EXE, COM or VBS is an executable, and an executable can do any sort of damage it wants. Further it should be verified that the "author" of the email has sent the attachments. Newer viruses can send email messages that appear to be from a person user know.

?The potential users should make sure that Macro Virus Protection is enabled in all Microsoft applications, and they should never run macros in a document unless they know specifically the functionality of the macros.

?Appropriate Passwords should be assigned to the shared network drives.

Things that are not viruses!

Joke programs

Joke programs are not viruses and do not inflict any damage. Their purpose is to frighten their victims into thinking that a virus has infected and damaged their system. For example, a joke program may display a message warning the user not to touch any keys or else the computer’s hard disk will be formatted.

Droppers

A dropper is a program that is not a virus, nor is it infected with a virus but when run it installs a virus into memory on to the disk, or onto a file. Droppers have been written sometimes as a convenient carrier for a virus and sometimes as an act of sabotage.

Hoaxes

There must be very few people on email who haven’t received a chain letter with the subject line warning of a virus doing the rounds. These are often hoaxes and meant to scare people and have fun at their expense. The warnings encourage the recipient of the e-mail to pass the warning to the netizens and thus create an unnecessary furor, besides clogging mailboxes, as it usurps an air of credibility.

Methodology of virus detection applied by antivirus softwares:

Three main methods exist for detecting viruses: integrity checking (also known as checksumming), behavior monitoring and pattern matching (scanning).

Integrity checking

Antivirus programs that use integrity checking start by building an initial record of the status (size, time, date, etc.) of every application file on the hard drive. Using this data, checksumming programs then monitor the files to see if changes have been made. If the status changes, the integrity checker warns the user of a possible virus.

However, this method has several disadvantages, the biggest being that false alarms are altogether too common. The records used by checksumming programs are often rendered obsolete by legitimate programs, which, in their normal course of operations, make changes to files that appear to the Integrity checker to be viral activity. Another weakness of integrity checking is that it can only alert the user after a virus has infected the system.

Behavior monitoring

Behavior Monitoring programs are usually terminate and stay resident (TSR) and constantly monitor requests that are passed to the interrupt table. These programs are on the lookout for activities that a virus might engage in–requests to write to a boot sector, opening an executable program for writing, or placing itself resident in memory. The behavior these programs monitor is derived from a user-configurable set of rules.

Pattern matching

Using a process called "pattern matching," the anti-virus software draws upon an extensive database of virus patterns to identify known virus signatures, or telltale snippets of virus code. Key areas of each scanned file are compared against the list of thousands of virus signatures that the anti-virus software has on record.

Whenever a match occurs, the anti-virus software takes the action the user has configured: Clean, Delete, Quarantine, Pass (Deny Access for Real-time Scan), or Rename.

Self Defense Mechanisms Evolved By Viruses

Virus authors of course wish that their child successfully lives. For this reason there are many viruses outfitted with some self-defense mechanisms against anti virus systems.

Passive Defense :

Viruses use a variety of methods to hide themselves from antivirus programs. Passive defense uses programming methods which make analysis of the virus more difficult, e.g. polymorphic viruses which were developed to counter scanners looking for constant strings of virus code.

Today antivirus systems are capable of analyzing polymorphic code and searching for virus identifiers in the decrypted body. The virus authors reacted by making the encryption too complex for antivirus software to unravel, thus mistaking it for a clean program.

Active Self-defense :

Viruses actively defend themselves by protecting their own code or by attempting to damage antivirus software. A simple method is to locate antivirus software databases and amend or delete them.

More sophisticated resident viruses use stealth techniques. When they detect a request to use an infected file, they can temporarily "clean" it or report its original (uninfected) parameters. They can monitor which programs are being executed and react if it is antivirus software. The list of such reactions is endless. Usually, the execution of the antivirus program is refused, but it could be erased (often accompanied by a bogus error message) or the virus suspends its activities while it runs. There are occasionally extremely ‘clever’ viruses which modify the code of a specific AV program to partially disable it.

There are very rare viruses which consider an attempt to run an anti-virus program as arrogant and immediately reply with some revenge action – for example hard disk formatting.

Trap

A trap is the most malicious form of self-defense and works as follows. Although the user’s computer is infected but everything appears to work correctly. Once the user discovers the virus and removes it things get complicated – programs no longer run properly or the hard disk may become inaccessible even when booting from a clean system diskette.

The best known trap virus is One_Half. It continuously encrypts the data on a hard disk (two tracks on every boot). If it is removed from the partition sector before data files are decoded then some files will become inaccessible. At this stage the situation is serious but recovery of the data is still possible. However, if the user runs a disk utility (Scandisk etc.) to repair the damage then the data will almost certainly be lost forever.

These utilities are designed to repair relatively minor damage to file system and do not recognize the encrypted data.

REFERENCE:

1. Mary Landesman “What is a virus?”

http://antivirus.about.com/cs/tutorials/a/whatisavirus.htm

2. NetGuide “What are computer viruses? “–

http://www.netguide.co.nz/knowhow/tutorials/print.php?iid=38

3. Marshall Brain “How Computer Viruses Work”

http://www.Howstuffworks How Computer Viruses Work.htm

4. AVG Anti Virus Free Edition Help

Developed by Grisoft Inc

5. Norton Anti-virus Help

Developed by Symantec Corporation

6. Trend Micro PC-cillin Help

Developed by Trend Micro Inc

7. Peter Norton “Computer Viruses”

Introduction to Computers, Tata McGraw Hill Co:

8. Dr.Solomon ”About Viruses” &”Virus Prevention”

Dr.Solomon’s Virus Encyclopedia, Dr.Solomon’s Software Ltd.

9. C.A.Schmidt ”Virus”

The Complete Computer Upgrade And Repair Text Book,Dreamtech

10. S.Jaiswal “Virus Detection And Elimination”

Information Technology Today, Galgotia Publication Pvt. Ltd.

With the rapid pace of technological developments, nothing has become as ubiquitous as the computer. Everyone’s got one. And they are used for all manner of endeavour, by people of all walks of life. So, do you simply buy the computer that someone’s selling? Or do you do some homework and figure out what detailed specifications are going to make some difference to you?

At Myshopping.com.au you can compare the prices of a wide range of different computers from different vendors and of different specifications. This guide will help you find what you’re looking for.

Mac or Windows (PC)

At the outset, you need to decide what you are going to use the computer for. This will help you make the fundamental decision of whether you should go Mac or PC. Although, with the advent of the dual core processor (an Intel chip now used by Mac) the differences are narrowed a little, there are still some choices that can help you favour one system over another. Historically, Mac computers have a reputation for greater stability that comes from a more robust operating system than Windows based computers. Largely for this reason, Macs have been the computer of choice for the graphic design industry, the music production industry and the video production industry. This has prompted the software manufacturers to make professional software packages for these disciplines that favour the Mac operating system. Although they have packages supporting the Windows operating system, they are often less capable.

Consequently, if you are engaged in these industries and need your computer for this type of work, you should consider Mac. Mac computers appear to attract fewer viruses and software malfunctions than do Windows based PCs. On the down side, there has always appeared to have been limited software support for Mac systems.

Another decision that may guide your choice is the aesthetics of the computer. If you have limited available space, there is nothing quite like the iMacs or the mini Macs for space saving. iMac’s all-in-one desktop units are compact and complete with all the connectivity you need. However, the look of other brands may be more to your taste, with many models available in compact packages and modern colour schemes to suit practically all dÊcor. Now that you’ve made that basic decision, you can start comparing the apples with apples.

The Components of Your Computer

The two factors that determine the price of your computer are size (yes it does matter) and speed. Either or both of these two dimensions are a factor of practically every component that makes up the machine. Naturally the highest price tags go with the combination of biggest and fastest.

CPU

The heart of the computer is the CPU (central processing unit). You need to decide which CPU you want driving your computer. These come from different manufacturers, and the current development of the technology is called Dual Core, which means that there are two processors on the one chip. Dual Core technology delivers more performance with less energy requirements. Intel and AMD are the two leading CPU manufacturers, and they offer different products under different names.

Current processing speeds range from about 1.4 GHz (gigahertz) through to 3.46 GHz. But it is not simply just a matter of speed. There are other considerations. Mac Operating Systems have a different architecture to Windows and will perform many functions faster with a slower speed CPU. A dual core chip at 1.4 GHz will deliver a better performance that a Pentium 4 chip at 1.8 GHz. A 1.4 GH dual core chip running a Mac with OSX Tiger, will perform better than a 2.0 GHz Pentium 4 processor running Windows. You need to decide what you want your computer to do, what your major software requirements are before you decide on the CPU processor.

However, for everyday use, a processor faster than 1.8 GHz will deliver excellent performance. As a rough rule of thumb, choose a Celeron for low cost computing, a Pentium 4 for mid-range budgets, or an AMD Athlon for bigger budgets. You can compare computers based on Pentium, Celeron, Athlon or Dual Core CPUs by searching those specifications on Myshopping.com.au and finding different vendors and brands using different processors.

RAM

This is where bigger definitely means better performance. RAM is the system memory that enables the computer to use its programs and swap data between the hard drive and the program functions. It’s important to match the speed of the RAM of your computer with the speed of the CPU. The more RAM you have available for your programs to work, the faster will your computer run. Most computers today come with at least 256 M (megabytes) of RAM. But memory is a relatively cheap component, and it costs little extra to upgrade to 512 M or greater.

HARD DRIVE

The hard drive of the computer stores your program files and your data. As computers have advanced, so has the need for more capacity to operate programs and store data. People working in media fields tend to work with very large files and require large storage space. Most computers in today’s market come with a minimum of 40G of hard drive space. However, this can be upgraded (usually in 20G chunks) to as much as 200G or more. The effectiveness of your hard drive also can depend on its physical speed (5400-7200 RPM) and the speed at which it can transfer data between the computer’s RAM and the hard drive. Faster means better performance.

REMOVABLE MEDIA

You will want to have a CD-R or (CD-RW) drive installed in your computer, and or possibly a DVD or DVD-R. For reading a CD ROM, all that is required is a CD drive and for watching DVD movies, a DVD ROM drive. However with a CD-R drive, you can record your own data and music CDs, and with a DVD-R drive, you can burn files in a DVD format, allowing you to store movies and data in far greater quantities. The CD-RW (DVD-RW) drives allow you to use re-recordable media. Your decision will depend on what you want to use your media drives for and what you want to store.

Other removable media will possibly include flash card storage, which is usually plugged in via the USB ports on the computer.

MONITORS

The monitor for your computer is integral to its function and aesthetics. If you are working in graphics you may want to stay with a CRT monitor. However most bundle offers these days are supplied with LCD monitors, which have the advantages of smaller space requirements, use lower energy and offer wider screen images. However they generally are more expensive (although prices are dropping everyday), can frequently be not as bright, have limited viewing angles and sometimes require a digital interface connector.

For graphics intensive work, LCD screens do not have the same capacity to render colours in gradients as CRT monitors. Once again, size matters. Bigger screens cost more than smaller ones.

VIDEO AND SOUND

For a detailed explanation of video cards, please see the article on Myshopping.com.au dedicated to Video Cards.

The interface between the CPU and the Monitor is provided by the video card. One of the basic decisions you need to make is whether you require a 3D or 2D card. Video cards come in two different types: those that use an AGP (accelerated graphics port) on the computer motherboard and those that use the PCI bus. Data transfer rate is critical to video performance. Faster video cards use an AGP, and this proves a faster data transfer than PCI cards. Most video cards also have their own video memory installed on the card, a feature that increases a computer’s memory performance. Today, these memories are often 128M or 256M, and can be more in the higher-end cards dedicated to sophisticated video work or gaming. Video cards performance is also affected by what is known as clock speed or clock rate, cards with a faster speed offer faster performance.

Cheaper computers, and laptops and notebooks, have an integrated graphics chip included in the motherboard instead of a discrete video card. This type of configuration is not as powerful or as fully functional as having a separate video card, which can allow more comprehensive gaming, the use of multiple monitors and faster and better rendering of images.

For a computer to reproduce the sounds recorded in games, movies and music products it requires a sound card. Quality of sound can be affected by the sound card your computer has installed. It’s important that you know how you want to use the sound reproduction processes of your computer. If you are a musician and want to record audio, then you will want to be sure that you have excellent connectivity, good midi access and at least 16-bit (CD quality) audio reproduction. Sound cards give you the possibilities of full cinema surround sound, and the many subtle effects employed by high-end games.

Nearly every computer comes with a set of stereo speakers. However it pays to have a good listen to what you’re buying. Make sure you listen to program that you are familiar with (take your own CD along) and compare the sound in a quiet environment. Many speaker systems for computers have poor frequency response and are underpowered. For desktop use that does not involve a quality listening environment this may be satisfactory. But if you want to listen to music and watch movies for the full effect, then you need to consider buying a good quality set of speakers. Use the search facility of Myshopping.com.au to compare specifications and prices of different speaker systems.

KEYBOARD AND MOUSE

The choice of keyboard and mouse are personal choices. Sometimes it depends on what you do on your computer, whether you have formal typing skills or whether you’re a two-finger hack. Serious writers may prefer an ergonomic keyboard. Keyboards frequently have different clicks and responses to others. You may prefer an infrared cordless keyboard and mouse. You may prefer an optical mouse on which you don’t have to clean the rollers. Optical mice have no rollerball, and can be used on most flat surfaces, but they are more expensive.

CONNECTIVITY

Today, connectivity is everything. Your computer can have wireless connections to all of your peripherals: printer, scanner, and other computers. Having an onboard modem will only be really important if you are using a dial up internet connection. Broadband modems tend to be peripherals and you can connect via USB, wireless or firewire. It does pay to consider how you will connect to the internet and other peripherals. It’s not always convenient to get behind your computer to plug something in or unplug it. Some sound cards have a front face panel with all the connections you need. The USB ports on Macs are conveniently located. Many PC manufacturers haven’t caught on to the fact that it’s important for some people to easily access the connections to their computers.

To compare the different bundle offers from different brands, and to compare the different components by their specifications, search the Myshopping.com.au database for exactly the specifications you are seeking. You can compare prices and vendors, and order what you need online with a few clicks.

Hurricanes cause billions of dollars in damage each year, including damage to computers. Unfortunately, computers can be much harder to replace if lost than other electronics because of the data contained on their hard drives and time spent tweaking and overclocking them. Being a Katrina evacuee and survivor myself, I know how important a computer can be after a natural disaster. With hurricane season looming in the days ahead, I decided to write a guide to help people protect their computers and data during a natural disaster.

Part I: Backing Up Data And Things to Have

Hurricane season or not, you should always be backing up your data. Whether you plan on riding out the storm (a bad idea) or evacuating to another location, you should have a backup of your computer data either on an external hard drive or optical media such as CD-Rs or a DVD. Be sure to keep your data in a very safe place, such as a water proof safe. Never leave your backup by your computer.

Next, you should have the following things to make life after the storm easier:



Phone numbers for insurance, computer or computer parts companies, and phone numbers for all local ISPs (including dial-up and satellite). Having your insurance phone number and phone numbers for your computer company will help get your computer replaced faster if it is damaged. I can’t stress enough how important it is for you to have phone numbers and even access disks for all of your local ISPs! After Katrina, the Internet was the only way many people could contact the outside world. As fate would have it, my broadband was down for 3 weeks and none of the other broadband ISPs would except new orders due to the storm, leaving me with my old friend Dial Up, whom I thought I had buried 8 years ago. Your best bet is to use a satellite ISP as they have no equipment that can be destroyed by a hurricane and cause an outage.



Back ups of all your file, have all application and game discs, CD keys, drivers, and operating system discs on hand.



Photos of your computer as well as proof of what parts are inside.



In the event your quad SLI rig is destroyed, you don’t want your insurance company to replace it with something of a significantly lesser value, do you? It’s very easy for people to claim “I had this, this, and this and it all cost me $3000 last month.” after their 3 year old Athlon XP rig is destroyed. As a result, your insurance company may be hesitant to replace your expensive computer parts unless you can prove you own them. Also know to what extent your insurance (including flood insurance) will replace damaged property. While some policies will cover the replacement cost of damaged property, some may only cover part of the damage cost. Also know what your deductible is.

Blog or Social Networking Profile

Social networking sites such as myspace were great after Katrina. Friends could find out where other friends had evacuated to simply by reading each others’ myspaces.

Generator and Gas

A generator can power many things, including home computers! Check with your local generator supplier about any local laws about generators, how to safely and properly set one up, and how well they will work with computers. Because generators provide unstable power, a battery backup UPS and a surge protector are a must. Do not count on gas to power your generator being available in the aftermath of the storm. It’s best to have a good supply of gas as well as a few empty gas containers on hand.

Part II: Evacuating with Your PC

Like any family members or pets you may have, your PC isn’t something to leave behind if you can avoid it. While your first priority should be getting out alive, you should consider bringing your PC with you if you can room in your car. You can’t count on your destination to have good computers, high speed Internet, or any entertaining activities for that matter. Being in another place during a hurricane is stressful. Between watching your home town being walloped on CNN and The Weather Channel, the people around you as well as yourself will be tense and worried. Having a nice computer to browse the web with and play Battlefield 2 is a sure entertainer. In fact, the Internet was the only place where I could get information about my very neighborhood after the storm! Local newspaper message boards were packed with evacuees from all over my area and had plenty of information about damage to share.

Even if you can’t bring your PC, at the very least bring your hard drive with you! If your home is looted in the aftermath of the storm, the last thing you want is your personal data in someone else’s hands. Be sure your hard drive is in an anti-static bag to avoid needless damage to it.

If taking a long road trip, you should probably place some sort of padding or foaming (even a blanket will work) around your computer or hard drive to protect it from the vibrations of the car. Don’t bring your monitor unless you have an LCD and there’s room for it.

Part III: Leaving Your PC at Home

If you don’t have room for your PC in your car, don’t plan on staying with it during the storm. There are several safeguards you can take to prevent unnecessary damage to your computer:



Cover any open parts of your computer case (such as fans and vents) with tape. Don’t use duct tape unless you want to risk taking paint off your case or a sticky mess.



Cover your computer with as many trash bags as you need. At least 2 trash bags per computer are recommended.



Consider how high your home is above sea level, the risk of flooding, and other factors. If you know your home could flood, you should put your computer on the second floor. But if you know your roof is weak and could easily blow off, don’t put it on the second floor! Find an enclosed space with no windows (such as a closet) as close to the center of your home as possible. If your computer case has a side window, make sure it’s facing towards the ground or against a wall. If you can, place other objects around your computer to offer it additonal protection from blowing rain and flying debris.



Part IV: When the Worst Happens

In the event your PC becomes damaged during the storm, don’t fret. If the damage is from a fallen tree or a piece of flying debri, there is nothing you can do. If your computer becomes flooded, however, there are steps you can take to recover it. Below is a basic guide on how to recover a flooded computer.



Do not turn on the computer! Make sure it is unplugged! While you may be anxious to see if your computer can run, don’t do it if you know it’s been exposed to water. You’ll just end up causing more damage if you do. Remember to keep your computer unplugged.



Remove components that work. If you can see a water line in your computer, take out all the components above it and put them in a safe place.



Let your computer dry. Let your computer dry for a week or so. One drop of water in a running computer could mean disaster.



Remove the CMOS battery and other parts.



Use a solution of 90% alcohol or more to wash the various components of your computer, including connectors. If necessary, use a paint brush to remove stubbon crud.



Let your computer dry completely.



If the above doesn’t work or you have data you can’t risk losing on your hard drive, consider professional computer recovery. Do not plan on salvaging the power supply, CMOS battery, the hard drive, optical drives, or any fans if they have been flooded. Also remember to take pictures of any damage to your computer before you attempt to fix it for insurance purposes.

Hopefully this guide will help people save their computers from hurricane related damage. A computer is a very useful tool that should be part of any good disaster supply kit. Trust me when I say it’s an important thing to have around. However, remember a computer is only a material possession. Like all material objects, they can be replaced. Human and animal life, however, cannot. Use good judgement when deciding whether or not to take your computer with you and while repairing it if it damaged.

Disclaimer: In no way is the author responsible for any actions you may take to save your computer from a hurricane or fix it after flooding. Any actions you choose regarding hurricanes and computers are taken at your own risk. For the sake of all, please use common sense during any natural disaster.

It attacks your computer like the South American army ant. Tiny, harmless looking critters by themselves, in larger numbers they can cover, kill and dissolve a full grown cow in a matter of hours.

Okay, maybe not exactly like that. But, wood shop and machine shop owners are experiencing the devastating effect manufacturing dust can have inside their shop computers. And they are looking for answers.

It doesn’t take much to ruin your day, especially, when metallic dust meets sensitive electronic components. Electricity chooses to travel in the shortest route possible, and little bridges of metal dust make great short cuts. Zap! WRRrrrrrr…

And wood dust makes a great insulating blanket. That’s okay if you’re lost in a big wood bin and freezing to death, but to a hard working computer it can be bad news. Heat sinks and fans attempt to dissipate the heat from within your computer, but a layer of dust can reduce or prevent this transfer of heat. Also, computer fans can malfunction when dust and grime are allowed to build up. Things heat up. Computers die. Data is lost. Business suffers.

Okay, what’s the answer then? How do you protect your computer from dust?

The actions you are willing and able to take to protect your computer equipment from dust depend on a large number of individual circumstances. Regardless of your situation, I recommend you take a three-front defensive position and optimize for each of the following areas:

• Computer room environment

• Protective computer dust barriers

• Computer maintenance

Let’s look at each of these areas individually.

Computer Room Environment

Control the environmental conditions surrounding your computers. The ideal solution would be to keep your computers and monitors in a clean, climate controlled computer room. In other words, take them out of the danger area. Of course, this is unrealistic or undesirable to many shop owners, who want, or need the computers to operate in the immediate work area.

So what then? Do what you can to control the dust and air pollutants in the shop. Use and maintain dust collectors for woodworking machines and a ventilation system for the shop area. And, if you can’t move the computers out of the shop, try to move them across the room, away from welding, grinding or direct contact with billowing sander dust.

Protective Computer Dust Barriers

These include computer dust covers, dust filters, computer dust bags, and computer enclosures. Each has its advantages and limitations as described below. Determine which option is the best solution for you.

Standard computer covers are made by a number of manufacturers. Usually plastic or vinyl, they are cheap, but effective in keeping dust off your computers and monitors. However, they may only be used while your computer equipment is shut down. And, you must remember to put them on. Every day. In other words, they are almost useless in a busy shop.

Computer filters, on the other hand may be used while the computer is running. Also very cheap, these small pieces of loose mesh material are placed over fan air intakes in the computer case to remove dust from incoming air. Some have experimented with using panty hose, Brillo® Pads and other household items with some success. The main drawback with computer filters is their small surface area. They clog up quickly in dusty areas and must be cleaned, or changed frequently to allow the unimpeded flow of cool air into the computer case. Another drawback is that they leave other openings in the computer case unprotected, allowing fine dust to infiltrate the CD ROM drives, floppy drives and other small openings.

Relatively new on the scene, computer dust bags are a combination computer cover and computer filter. Designed for the harsh, dusty and smoky conditions inherent to wood shops and machine shops, these innovative covers entirely encase the computer processor or monitor at all times, allowing the entire surface of the bag to act as a huge dust filter to remove dust from incoming air. Monitor dust bags have a see-through, anti-static front to allow a clear screen view, and are very effective in keeping dust, wood chips and other debris out of the cooling vents. At around $20 or less, the recommended life-span of the computer dust bag is 3-12 months, depending on the level of dust in the shop. A possible drawback to using the computer dust bag is reduced access to CD and floppy drives. However, it is possible to use these drives if you cut a hole in the dust bag and cover it with a door flap, which is included with the bag. You may also have to cut an access slot to use your USB ports.

Finally, computer enclosures are typically metal or wood, box-like cabinets which your computer processor and monitor are placed in to protect them from the surrounding environment. A variety of fan and filter combinations introduce fresh air into the enclosure. Computer enclosures have the added advantage of protecting your equipment from blunt force trauma, such as a falling 2×4, chemical splashes and other things harmful to your computer. Filters must be changed regularly. Disadvantages include high price, greater amount of space required, and filter maintenance.

Computer Maintenance

Finally, the third part of a sound computer dust protection strategy is computer maintenance. Yes, that means cleaning. Does that scare you? It’s easier than you think. You don’t have to buy all kinds of expensive tools and cleaning agents, and no heavy scrubbing or complicated disassembly is needed. The most important thing is to maintain a regular computer cleaning schedule. It may be as simple as opening the computer case once every three months to blow out the dust. Educate yourself on the computer cleaning basics and decide the right course of action for yourself.

Just as numerous insects and animals perish when attacked by the army ant, a great number of computers are killed by dust every day. Don’t let it happen to you. Follow the common sense ideas shown here and stop computer-killing dust in its tracks!

To start the most significant fact that should be stated is that the computer is a tool, and as with any educational tool, from books to crayons, it can be used to enhance the curriculum and promote learning, but it can also be misused and abused. In this essay, I will discuss the disadvantages of having computers in the classrooms due to the misuse and the abuse of this tool.

I found it hard to find research that had been done on this topic because not only is the research on the effectiveness of computers in the classroom scarce but the research that is there is often done by software companies and therefore may be biased. (Emmans 2001). Even though there is no clear-cut answer to the question of a computer being a friend or foe in the classroom, having an unsolvable question of good or bad brings many issues to light. For example, the fact that much of the software designed for children is appealing to them. If nothing else, it at least holds the children’s attention. Though this may seem like a positive characteristic, consider this, just because a television show holds your attention, does it necessarily educate you? The answer to this is simple, maybe some do, but certainly not all do, mostly they are just simply entertaining. This causes me to raise an eyebrow at some, not all, software. As a teacher, one must not use time-fillers, cause a child can watch television or play on a computer at home, but as a teacher, we must educate, and if there is no educational value in the software, what good is it for a teacher? On the defense for teachers, another reason for computers being a shortcoming is that sometimes the software is not obvious that it is non-educational. This can be a common mistake of any educator, being fooled that a product could be educational when it is merely entertainment software dressed up in an educational costume aimed at these gullible teachers.

According to Cindy C. Emmans (2001), a professor of Educational Technology at Central Washington University, on software in the classroom…

” Often feedback is the key to learning, and computers are appealing because this feedback can be immediate, which is of course a very effective learning tool. Unfortunately, this feedback is not often as effective as it might be, perhaps because it is not easy to return to the original question to try again, or the student must begin at the beginning to review the original content rather then backing up a step or two. In some cases, the feedback for the wrong answers is more appealing than that for the right answer, causing students to try and get the wrong answer simply for the entertainment value”.

Gerald W. Bracey sums it up adequately in a journal article called Principal by basically saying that the bells and whistles are all there, but the education is not, because it was not produced by someone who understands how children learn. (1996, p.6).

More arguments in the research area continued in September of 2000, the Alliance for Childhood published a statement against the use of computers in schools. More than 85 experts in various fields including psychiatry, education, and philosophy signed the statement in which calls for a suspension on the promoting introduction of computers into the nation’s elementary schools until there is a more careful assessment of their effect (Hafner, 2000). Another influence in opposition to computers in classrooms is that of Jane Healy, an educational psychologist and the author of “Failure to Connect,” a book criticizing educational applications of computers. Thomas Crampton interviewed Mrs. Healy and she declared that computers “can hurt children’s personal skills, work habits concentration, motivation, (and) the development of social skills” (IHT, October 2000, p. 19).

Another reason that computers in the classroom would prove to be a disadvantage is the availability of computers in the classroom to each individual student. It is rare to find a school that, in each classroom, has a computer supplied for each student. This then brings up the problem of scheduling and rotating the students to the computers available. (Tiene 2001) This begins a whole new ball game in which you are now consuming a lot of time in which could be used for more productive measures rather then scheduling computer time for each student. If this is the case, and only a specific amount of students can be on the computer at one time, then you are dividing your classroom, and not integrating it, as it should be. This causes many difficulties in teaching a whole group instruction, which leads to problems in skill development, since the attention of some students is lacking. (Tiene 2001). On the Colorado state education web site (2003), I was able to find questions that were asked to teachers regarding computers in their classrooms. The teachers were asked, “What do you find unattractive about teaching in a computer based classroom?” The one teacher commented that, ” Students have a tendency to come in a print out their papers at the beginning of class instead of coming into class with a hard copy…” Another teacher said, ” Technological difficulty, your whole lesson could be shot for the day if the computer would go down”. When the teachers were asked about the difficulties they faced themselves and with the students due to computers in the classroom, they answered, ” It is hard to get the students attention when they are on the computers.” Another teacher commented, ” There are times that I send them to work and instead they are interacting with each other.” Another teacher stated her fear of the computer classroom by saying that, ” Students are at their own screens, they’re in their own little world, and they are not talking to their classmates, sometimes I think that they don’t even know half the names of all the people in their class.” (Barnes 2003) I feel that these teachers comments are very important when looking at the issue of computers in the classrooms, because these are the people that actually interact with the children in the classroom, they are not just some random research study by a software company, these people are the real thing, and they see how computers are effecting their classrooms.

Another issue of computers in the classrooms regards the child’s health. If a child were to be functioning on a computer for a long interlude of time or with incorrect positioning they will inadvertently obstruct their own health, some problems caused from this include muscular-skeletal injuries and vision problems. (MacArthur & Shneiderman, 1986).

Another issue concerning computer use in classrooms is that a lot of teachers have not been trained to use a computer, and many do not know how. An enormous amount of time would have to be consumed for the teachers to learn both the hardware and the software of the computer. They also would need time to collaborate with other teachers. Time is something that many teachers spend planning lessons and the weekly events of their classroom. The other problem that was just mentioned was the training of the teachers. Some educators do not have local training options available to them. Some do not have the time or money to spend on it. Another issue is that even if a teacher does go through training, there are always unsuspected things that can go wrong with a computer. If a teacher were to base their whole lesson on a computer, and it were to crash, and the teacher just being minimally skilled in using computers, would not be able to fix the system so that they could continue their lesson. (Tiene 2001).Therefore an on-site technology expert would be needed on site at all times in case any of these incidences would happen, and quite frankly I do not think that there are too many school districts looking for another expense. Another reason for computers being a disadvantage in the classroom is that if the computer is Internet accessible, if this is the case, then the children can be exposed to Internet content that is not appropriate for their age level. They can also be exposed to child predators, which is a huge concern in today’s world. Though this may seem far-fetched it truly is not in an article published on the gurdian angel websitein 2000 states, “The facts are plain. Children are being targeted, solicited, and made victims by pedophiles. What do the ratios or statistics matter? Isn’t even one too many? These predators range from the simple minded closet pedophile who has surfaced because they believe they are safely anonymous behind their account alias, to the highly organized and skilled child pornography rings that operate predominantly off of US soil, behind quick discard web sites, and anonymous re-mailers, pushing their hideous wares for big profits. Have you ever heard of a child being molested or kidnapped in your hometown? Don’t you teach your kids to watch for certain things and, not to talk to, or go anywhere with, strangers for just that reason? This is our point. Just as there are real world lessons that you teach your children, there is a necessity to teach them cyber-world lessons. ” (Hook, 2000). To put this quite simply, are you sure that your child is being watched very closely when accessing the Internet at school? It sure would be hard for one teacher to keep a close eye on each individual student in the classroom when they are all accessing the Internet at the same time. Therefore are you, as a parent or a teacher, really quite sure that a computer is necessary to learn in school? I mean, didn’t you, the parent or teacher, learn in school without the computer? I agree that learning the latest technology is a necessity, but I do not agree with using computers for classes like mathematics or reading. To sum it all up, Computers in the classroom lacks research of it being an advantage in the classroom. Computers in the classroom may not provide the students with the proper education that they need if the software being used is not adequate. Computers may not be, depending on the school, made available to each student. The attention of the students is harder to get when they are on the computer. An inexperienced teacher in the technology area may cause many problems in the classroom, and consume valuable time that could be used to educate. Most schools do not provide an on site technician in case a difficulty may arise. The children’s health may be affected by long-term use of the computers, and probably the most frightening one is that these children can be exposed to child predators and unfiltered inappropriate content through the web while they are in school and in their classrooms presumed to be receiving their education.

Fujitsu desktop computers are a great alternative to the more well-known desktop brands. There are several unique features that make the Fujitsu desktop computers stand out from other desktop computers. If you are looking for a computer that has a lot of versatility and many other great features then the Fujitsu may be right for you. The Fujitsu computer is similarly priced to other computer models, but since it contains many features and benefits Fujitsu computers stand out as a clear choice.

Fujitsu computers come with a large amount of processing power. Most of them have an Intel Core Duo processing unit, which makes the processing power of the computers faster than any computer that just has a single processing unit. Duo processing means processes take half as long. The processing unit of the Fujitsu is also environmentally friendly.

The processing unit is not the only part of Fujitsu desktop computers that are environmentally friendly. All Fujitsu computers comply with the European Union’s Restriction of Hazardous Substances procedures. Fujitsu also chooses products and materials that are safer for human use as well. This makes Fujitsu computers some of the most environmentally sound among the many brands any available in the market today.

Another great feature of Fujitsu computers is their ability to expand with additional hardware options. Fujitsu computers come with multiple PCI and PCI express slots which make it easy to install extra memory, network options, and other hardware needs. The multiple expansion slots make Fujitsu one of the most easily modified computers. Modification capabilities are becoming rarer these days, so a computer that still offers customization is a major plus.

Another great feature of Fujitsu computers is the graphics capabilities. With many computers the graphics card that comes with the computer is too small to run many games or programs. The graphics card that comes with a Fujitsu computer is capable of running almost any game out in the market today. Fujitsu computers also come fully equipped with the Windows Vista operating system.

A Fujitsu computer also comes with many external card reader slots and USB ports. The inclusion of so many different types of card readers makes it easy for anyone to upload their pictures or other information onto the Fujitsu computer. Fujitsu computers come with a card reader that is compatible with almost any memory device out there.

The last great benefit of a Fujitsu computer is the design of the CPU. The computer is designed to be taken apart and put back together quite easily. This makes it easy not only for users to upgrade the computer, but it also means that when the computer has to be taken in for repairs that they are able to be completed quickly and efficiently. The use of the easy-access CPU style is one of the biggest things that stick out about Fujitsu computers.

If you have never considered purchasing a Fujitsu computer, then consider looking into it for your next computer purchase. With all the features and benefits offered by Fujitsu, you will not be disappointed.

The advent of the computers radically changed our lifestyle. Communication, researching and other works have never been any easier.

Computers are machines that work on data according to the list of instructions. Early electronic computers consume much power. Modern computers, on the other hand, are based on tiny integrated circuits. Nowadays, simple computers can be made to fit in a wristwatch and powered by watch batteries.

Generally, a computer has four main sections such as the ALU or the arithmetic and logic unit, the memory, the control unit and the IO or the input and output devices. The basic input and output, control unit, register and control units are known as the CPU or central processing unit. Early central processing units were composed of numerous circuits but now it is typically assembled on a single integrated circuit known as a microprocessor.

The Arithmetic or Logic Unit (ALU) is capable of executing two modules of operation such as logic and arithmetic. Some computers are capable of executing easier operations that can be programmed to break the complex operations, making them into easy executable steps. Hence, a Superscalar computer has multiple arithmetic or logic units.

There are numerous computer companies around the world. One of this is the Yemen Computer Company. It is the main and pioneer company of Yemen. It is the most experienced and the largest computer company in this country.

Furthermore, this Yemen based company is a computer software and hardware vendor or distributor. It also represents Intel servers, IBM products, Sun Microsystems products and POS products. It also caters to ATM products, Satellite Communication products as well as their related support supplies and systems.

The company is also associated with numerous software houses in order to provide the needs of commercial, trading, public utilities, airlines and telecommunication along with banking sectors. Yemen Computer Company has several headquarters located in Yemen. This would be in Mukalla, Hodeidah, Taiz, Aden and Sana.

Tactical Computer Company is the leading cutting edge software development company. This Ohio based company offers services such as Custom Software Development, Custom Web Solution, Emerging Technologies, Lost Password Recovery and Online Commerce as well as Internet Site Development, Database Design and Integration, Security and Firewall Specialists.

Ormond Computer Company is an Information Technology department for companies that do not have an in-house and full time Information Department. It can also be for those with only a small Information Technology that needs outside assistance. The company technicians can build and design your workstation or server. All Custom Built Systems of the company are built with premier quality components.

Helix Computer Company is based in Indiana. The goal of the company is to provide quality services and products to their consumer. The company has services such as Custom Built Computers, Video and Audio Production Services, Photography and Design Services. This is along with Website Design and Marketing Services, Computer Services and Repair.

Helix Computer company can build turn-key computer systems for numerous applications. The Company production studio was constructed with a self-sufficient artist in mind. Helix production studios are capable of making videos, audios, graphics, animation and so much more.

Computers may be quite expensive but you can scout for refurbished ones such as Dell Computers that can collect their old model computers while still be installed with the latest technology. This model is great and affordable in budget terms.

Sometimes a basic computer may be enough for your needs. The bare bones model is also great if you only check e-mails, word processes and surf the Internet. Dell retails basic models for less than 500 US dollars. This basic system is a good deal for common users.

by: David R. Wetzel

Computer technology schools offer a range of degrees and programs. Schools that teach computer technology include technical schools, colleges and universities. Degrees in computer technology are offered at three levels for beginning students; bachelor’s degree, associate’s degree and specialized computer certifications.

Technical schools offer computer technology degree programs year round, while colleges and universities offer summer courses for earning a degree quicker or part-time programs for busy students.

Typical programs offered by computer technology schools such as ITT Technical Institute include information security systems, data communication systems management, computer science, software engineering, web development, networking and software applications. Degrees from other schools of computer technology include computer gaming design, interactive media develop, web development, and systems administrator.

Computer technology schools offer courses focused on the architectures of operating systems, network systems, user interface construction, C + + language, data bases types and formats, programming standards, etc. These courses are designed for those who wish to earn degrees in computer software and computer information systems. Courses focused on web design and development includes Internet hierarchy, authoring tools, scripting designs and more.

Bachelor’s degree computer technology upper-division courses focus on data storage advanced warehousing techniques, management of technology projects, multiple computer programming languages, graphical interface design, software development methods and more. The advantage of a bachelor’s degree in computer technology is a wider selection of employment opportunities.

Computer degrees lead to earning certifications in computer technology. Many courses in computer programs prepare students to pass tests for computer technology certifications. According to About.com’s article Computer Certification’s Top 10 Certifications for 2009, the top two certifications are Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert and Certified Information Systems Auditor. Their pass rates are low; however, average annual salaries are high.

Someone considering a computer technology education needs to first determine the type of degree they want to pursue. This decision helps narrow the search for a computer technology school. Computer technology bachelor’s degree can be completed in four years, associate’s degree programs can be completed in two years and certification programs range from few months to a year.

Fujitsu desktop computers are a great alternative to the more well-known desktop brands. There are several unique features that make the Fujitsu desktop computers stand out from other desktop computers. If you are looking for a computer that has a lot of versatility and many other great features then the Fujitsu may be right for you. The Fujitsu computer is similarly priced to other computer models, but since it contains many features and benefits Fujitsu computers stand out as a clear choice.

Fujitsu computers come with a large amount of processing power. Most of them have an Intel Core Duo processing unit, which makes the processing power of the computers faster than any computer that just has a single processing unit. Duo processing means processes take half as long. The processing unit of the Fujitsu is also environmentally friendly.

The processing unit is not the only part of Fujitsu desktop computers that are environmentally friendly. All Fujitsu computers comply with the European Union’s Restriction of Hazardous Substances procedures. Fujitsu also chooses products and materials that are safer for human use as well. This makes Fujitsu computers some of the most environmentally sound among the many brands any available in the market today.

Another great feature of Fujitsu computers is their ability to expand with additional hardware options. Fujitsu computers come with multiple PCI and PCI express slots which make it easy to install extra memory, network options, and other hardware needs. The multiple expansion slots make Fujitsu one of the most easily modified computers. Modification capabilities are becoming rarer these days, so a computer that still offers customization is a major plus.

Another great feature of Fujitsu computers is the graphics capabilities. With many computers the graphics card that comes with the computer is too small to run many games or programs. The graphics card that comes with a Fujitsu computer is capable of running almost any game out in the market today. Fujitsu computers also come fully equipped with the Windows Vista operating system.

A Fujitsu computer also comes with many external card reader slots and USB ports. The inclusion of so many different types of card readers makes it easy for anyone to upload their pictures or other information onto the Fujitsu computer. Fujitsu computers come with a card reader that is compatible with almost any memory device out there.

The last great benefit of a Fujitsu computer is the design of the CPU. The computer is designed to be taken apart and put back together quite easily. This makes it easy not only for users to upgrade the computer, but it also means that when the computer has to be taken in for repairs that they are able to be completed quickly and efficiently. The use of the easy-access CPU style is one of the biggest things that stick out about Fujitsu computers.

If you have never considered purchasing a Fujitsu computer, then consider looking into it for your next computer purchase. With all the features and benefits offered by Fujitsu, you will not be disappointed.

‘Online computer support’ can be defined as a kind of services that is provided by the companies in order to help the customer over different computer issues. computer support may be provided to the various companies or simple home users. It seems that every organization have a large number of computer whether it is working in technical fields or non-technical because it is a demand of the new generation who wants everything fast. Even a student always looks to computer for the entertainment, study and etc. So, it is very important to provide the efficient computer support over the different computer issues.

Major companies have own team of technicians for computer technical support or outsource the computer support to the other companies. Computer technical support can be divided into following different categories:

Online Computer Support: — This category provides the computer support over the Internet. Remote Computer Support: – This category provides the computer support over the remote session. Many organizations are providing the remote support that is done by software which helps in taking the remote control of the user computer. Telephonic Computer Support: – This category provides the computer support over the telephone. Any customer can call the computer support center. Many companies are providing the toll-free numbers for their customers. Door to door Computer Support: – In this category, a technician provides the computer support at the user home. A user can call for this service at specific time duration.

We will discuss all the services that come under the online technical support, Online computer support mainly responsible for the computer optimization and repair but all list are the following:–

1. Computer Installation

2. Computer Optimization

3. Computer Repair

4. Computer Support

5. Computer Setup

6. Computer Support Services

7. Computer Setup and Install

8. Computer Troubleshoot

By all the above discussion, we can conclude that computer support plays an important in order to make the healthy relation with customers because it delivers the satisfaction and makes the reputation across the customers.

In the modern internet era, you cannot run a business without computers. Small business owners need to have at least a few computers that are networked together. Further, there must be an active internet connection for the whole office. Even though entrepreneurs are required to have computers for their office, it is not necessary that everyone must be a computer geek. You need to use your computer for business, but you don’t know how to solve computer problems. You can get onsite computer services to troubleshoot your business computers. If you have problems with home computers, you can call the technicians to offer you the best service.

 

Some computer repair companies provide onsite and offsite services. Both of these services may be needed to solve your problems. Onsite computer services provided by computer repair companies can be used if you are not able to send them problematic hardware. Also, software problems encountered in your computers can be solved only using onsite services. Off site services are beneficial for companies as they can solve your problems without sending technicians to you directly. If you have an office in Tulsa, it is better to get computer repair Tulsa because for urgent needs, you can call the technicians easily and they can come to your office within minutes. You can also call the technicians to offer services for residential laptops and computers.

 

While choosing companies providing onsite computer services, you have to ensure that the company has expert technicians in the field. Many certification programs are provided by leading computer companies like Microsoft, Oracle, Sun to certify technicians to work with their products. Only a reputed company must be hired because you don’t want anything bad to happen to your computers. When experienced technicians come to your site for computer repair Tulsa, you can be sure that the problems can be easily solved. Easy availability of technicians is essential to solve your problems quickly and efficiently.

 

Computer repair Tulsa ensures that all emergency problems in your office in Tulsa are solved with required technical expertise. Problems with laptops and desktop computers are also solved in a few minutes once the technicians identify where the problem is. Virus and pop up removal along with anti Spyware and anti Malware protection for your office computers can be ensured only if the experts come to your office. To set up your computers and network according to your own requirements, you need to get onsite computer services. Only if all the necessary hardware and software are installed, you can ensure that your office network functions optimally.

 

For all computer problems, computer repair Tulsa must be approached because you cannot risk losing data on account of computer problems. The technicians who provide computer repair services must be available to you when you call them. Sometimes, you may need backup services to backup data available in your computers. Technicians from the company will reach your site and store the data in back up servers to make the data available for you during crisis time.

If you are an individual that suffers from severe computer neck pain due to the type of glasses that you wear, you should continue reading this helpful guide. Now, you can successfully eliminate that pain in the neck with computer glasses or a new computer eyeglass attachment! Most individuals that wear no-line progressive lenses in their glasses, trifocals, and even bifocals suffer from some degree of pain due to the way that the head must be adjusted in order to appropriately see the information that is on the computer screen. Here, you will receive information specific to this type of pain, as well as an effective resolution that can be of benefit to you!

The Problem

Many individuals now spend more time on a computer than ever before. Many implement the use of computers for their work, while others perform certain tasks on the computer for personal reasons such as paying bills and entertainment purposes. While technology has now advanced to the point where we can do just about anything with a desktop PC or laptop, our bodies have not changed. Spending any length of time sitting in front of a computer can be detrimental to our bodies. In many instances, our back and neck area may start to tense up due to our method of sitting, as well as the adjustments that we have to make in order to see the screen, and the contents thereof. Luckily, there have been extensive studies that conclude that if one has the right computer glasses, they can not only see better, but they can feel better overall! The problem occurs if the individual sitting in front of the computer does not have the appropriate occupational computer bifocals. This is when the issue of Computer Vision Syndrome may occur.

What is Computer Vision Syndrome?

Computer Vision Syndrome is a complication that occurs as a natural result of the strain that occurs in the eyes when viewing the screen of your system. It is most common to those who fail to wear appropriate glasses for computer use. It has been found after conclusive studies that those who spend an average of two or more hours working and/or entertaining themselves on a computer experience this eye condition to some level. In addition to this, it has been found that adults and children alike are capable of experiencing this condition. It occurs due to the fact that the eyes have complications setting their focus to the words and symbols on a screen due to the method of creation. Pixels create the words that we see on our computers, and lack the same contrast as words that are written on paper.

What are the Symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome?

There are many symptoms associated with Computer Vision Syndrome. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is a good idea to consider investing in a good pair of computer glasses. The symptoms are as follows:

• Many will experience a burning sensation in the eyes.

• Most individuals experience pain and strain in the area of the neck and shoulders that is highly bothersome.

• The vision may become blurred, and the individual may even notice that they start to see “double”.

• Headaches of varying degrees are a common complaint among those who suffer from eye strain due to the wrong type of glasses.

• Many may start to notice that they are unable to focus as well on their computer screens as they once were able to do.

• Experiencing eyes that feel tired may be common.

If you wear glasses while sitting in front of the computer, and you have noticed that you experience these symptoms, you may suffer from Computer Vision Syndrome. If so, it is a good idea to consider obtaining a pair of occupational computer glasses.

The Solution

The solution for Computer Vision Syndrome is actually quite simple. All it takes is an effective pair of computer glasses! Now, you can visit a doctor and actually receive a prescription for this type of glasses or you can convert your everyday prescription glasses into computer glasses. If you are looking to eliminate the symptoms of computer neck pain, eye strain, and sore eyes, a slip-behind computer lens may be the most effective solution for your issue. There will no longer be a need to tilt your head forward, or back to see through the lenses that you now use on your prescription eye glasses. All you have to do is simply consider computer glasses that can help eliminate that pain in the neck, and all the other symptoms associated with Computer Vision Syndrome!

For how long must you remain a computer beginner? The need for each and everyone in our society today to acquire basic computer knowledge skills cannot be overlooked by anyone in this present day. Every computer beginner is now feeling the need to learn how to use a computer as faster as he or she can possibly afford to. Read on to discover three simple facts to speed up and boost your learning and gaining computer science knowledge skills faster from home.

1) Avoid using beginners’ computer training books to learn about computers.

The use of computer basics training books to learn how to use computers by beginners in this modern world is one of the main reasons why so many people still spend months and even years, just to gain simple PC knowledge skills faster on their own. This system still works but certainly not for any beginner who wants to learn PC skills faster from home without attending beginners training classes.

2) Make use of beginners’ video computer training lessons for learning about computers faster.

The use of PC training videos specifically designed for new computer users to learn how to use a computer is by far, the best way to gain computer knowledge skills faster from home. We all love to watch interesting movies, and we all keep good memories of any particular movie that interests us. So also will the memories of whatever computer science topic we learn while watching our video lessons will ever remain fresh in our minds till a long time to come.

3) Whenever Possible, use only beginners video lessons on DVDs and not on CDs for your studies.

Most people never care to give importance to the use of computer beginners training tutorials recorded on simple DVDs to learn computer basic skills from home. If you truly understand the great impact this simple trick could play with your learning about computers faster on your own, you’ll never have to overlook this particular point. If you choose to use training lessons on DVDs instead of CDs, you can as well watch and learn your basic PC knowledge skills from your home DVD player, while practicing at the same time on your computer (if you have one at home). This is a hidden aspect of learning any new skills faster on your own which most people fail to give much importance.

So in conclusion, if you want to move from a computer beginners training class faster and master all your beginners computer basic knowledge skills in a matter of day, make use of video tutorials preferably on DVDs and not on CDs to learn about computers faster from home. You can easily master all your PC basics in just a matter of days and soonest be the envy of your friends. Good luck with your burning desire to learn and move from your computer beginner class to a semi-professional PC user faster!

The organization I work with was a small company which had the strength of 18 people including management. Slowly we have grown up and today we have the strength of 175 people. Now we need bigger infrastructure like- more computers, a big place to accommodate all the workers etc. I was given the responsibility to take care for computers such as purchasing the computers, their maintenance and computer repair issues.

We decided to outsource the computer support job, so that a third party vendor can do computer repair and can provide computer help to our staff. So I started searching for vendors who can provide us computer support. So first I decided to search on Google website I tried the words like- computer support, computer help, online computer support, online computer help, computer repair, pc repair, online pc repair, online computer repair etc. As a result I got a long list of vendors who provide computer support.

I called them one by one and discussed about our requirements and about their methods and policy to provide computer support. Some of them followed a good policy to do the computer repair but they were charging too high which was exceeding my company’s budget. So again I started my search on websites like- Google, Alta Vista etc. I tried the keyword like- computer support, computer help, online computer support, online computer help, computer repair, pc repair, online pc repair, online computer repair etc. Again I made a long list of different computer support service providers and discussed our requirements.

Finally we came to know about a company called iYogi Technical Services who provides online computer help and also provide computer support through telephone. The best part is their phone support is a toll free number so we don’t need to bear the phone call cost. Their technicians were capable of taking remote sessions so that they can fix the software related issues. For hardware issues they will diagnose it and let us know if any hardware needs to be replaced. And the best part was their service charges are quite nominal in compare to other computer support service providers.

Our company is happy with the service and feels that we have taken a good decision to shake hands with iYogi Technical Services.

Computers are lifeline of this rapid growing world. In the developing world, it is very difficult to imagine life without computers. It has brought revolution in our lives. With computers, life becomes easy and actually rocking as well. So, it is essential to learn the correct usage of computer machine and the Internet effectively. As more and more people are logging everyday, the requirement for learning computer in a proper way and the most applicable method to navigate has become a steady concern. There has been a swift growth in the number of users as well as the web world is increasing regularly to provide you a lot.

Not only for growing children but also for elders who lack fundamentals in computers need to some important lessons. You can appoint a computer tutor to get the correct learning of computing applicable for today’s world and way of living life. Taking computer coaching is essential for those people who couldn’t access computers in their schools while growing up and lack the understanding of basics. If you don’t wish to hire a computer tutor then you can start practicing basic practical computer lessons regularly by your own.

If you can afford a computer tutor, start searching for a computer tutor who can make you understand computer lessons. If you are unable to find a good competent computer tutor, you should go for online computer classes. Online computer classes are simply great and really useful as well. In fact, you will come to know about practical difficulties that come in way of daily handling of computer machines.

Find a Computer Tutor:

Find a professional and skilled computer tutor via plenty of ways. There are plenty of ways to look for the right and competent tutors to get the most useful guidance. First of all, you can ask friends, neighbors, acquaintances in order to get some references. The next thing, you can search via tutoring academics or centers to look for a good computer tutor. Third, you can search through the Internet and get contacted to useful tutors. Try distinct methods and get something good to sharpen your computing skills and knowledge.

EduWizardS has tutors excelling in all parts of computer software, computer hardware, computer science, and all computer courses. Unlike most other places where a tutor is assigned by the company, at EduWizardS you choose your own online computer tutor from the many highly qualified and student-reviewed tutors.

Everyone with a computer will encounter some type of error or unexplained crash. There are many instances when a user will consider enlisting the services of a computer maintenance expert to fix their problem. Before calling a computer technician, there are a number of things you can try to resolve the error. If the following repair measures do not resolve the problem, you should contact a computer maintenance expert:

1) If you are having a connection problem, your internet provider may be having problems. Check your own connections to make sure a cable is not unplugged. Unplug each of your devices and reconnect each cable to make sure you have a good connection.

2) A message saying your computer is low on memory does not always mean you have to buy more memory. Click on the Task Manager and close hidden programs to free memory.

3) If you have memory errors, run a current virus checker.

4) If your computer crashes, reboot it, and run ScanDisk to see if there is an error. The scandisk will fix the error. You can also defragment your computer. It will put files back in order and free up disk space.

5) If your computer crashes before you have saved your file, use autorecovery to retrieve the lost file. The file may also be located in a temporary file folder. Check your temporary file folder to see if the file is there.

6) If your computer freezes, enter Ctrl-Alt-Del. It will bring up a list of running programs. Check to see if a program is not responding. Click on the program and choose ‘end program’. You can also reboot your computer to see if it resolves the problem

When you see a message that says you have a motherboard failure, you need to contact a computer maintenance expert. After trying all measures to resolve the problem with no success, you should contact a computer maintenance expert. They will work remotely from their own computer, come to your home or office, or you can take your computer to their office. Maintain a record outlining everything you have tried so they don’t have to repeat them.

Computer maintenance experts provide the following services:

- Replacing missing or corrupt driver files

- Updating and reconfiguring a motherboard system

- Performing hardware diagnostic on hard drives, memory, CPU, and motherboard systems

- Hard disk optimization and defragmentation

- Downloading and installing updated driver files

- Antivirus checks to locate potentially dangerous dormant viruses within your system. They will remove the viruses from your computer

- Updating your system with the latest software

- Checking for communication conflicts

- Cleaning up old files

- Identifying corrupt or missing driver files

- Checking and repairing your computer registry

- Resolving computer fatal errors

- Repairing invalid system boot configurations.

- Reinstalling or repairing operating systems.

- Small network installation and configuration

- Scanning hard disk for boot record problems

- Restoring slow computers to their original performing speed.

- Repairing , restoring, and troubleshooting the internet connection

- Recovering and extracting data from faulty computers

- Computer setup and security

This is just a small list of the many services a computer maintenance expert provides. In order to help keep your computer free of serious errors, you should clean your equipment regularly. You should also back up your data so you do not lose important documents in the event of a serious computer crash.

Computer maintenance experts are qualified to deal with any computer issue. They are certified from accredited schools and experienced in all computer areas. If you find yourself in a situation where you have had no success resolving your problem, your best option is to contact a computer maintenance expert.

Amid this recession, getting computer furniture which comes at a cheaper price could be a boon for our ever-shrinking wallets. And, moreover, finding out cheap computer furniture would not be a tough job at all. But buying anything only because it seems cheaper may be called an action triggered by sheer emotional impulses.

Rather, a good buyer of computer furniture keeps a range of factors in his mind before he/she sets out to have the right pick. Lets have a look on the following lines which tell you how to grab the best and the cheapest computer workstation without forcing our wallets to lose enough fat.

Buying a full set of computer workstation that consists of chairs, shelves and computer desks at once can be a money saving idea. However, it may backfire if you don’t have enough space which could be accommodating enough to the shape and size of your new workstation. Thus buy that workstation only which can be installed easily otherwise you will have to lose some extra bucks to renovate the office or you may have to relocate some other office furniture elsewhere.

The another money saving idea could be to buy these computer furniture such as computer chairs, computer shelves and computer desks separately. Their varying sizes can be flexible and supporting enough to help you assemble a computer workstation of your own choice easily. They could be installed without any expensive renovation of your office.

Web surfing could be a useful option to have a complete detail about your potential computer workstation. However, it should be only for the sake of exploring the best and the cheapest computer workstation. Ordering to buy online can be an expensive venture as you may have to bear the shipping cost too. Moreover, don’t get deceived by the free shipping offers. They inflate the cost of the computer workstation and offer free shipping to make a fool of us.

Rather, it would be a fair idea to go to the nearest computer furniture store yourself and look for the fittest computer workstation available over there. It would be better to step in only those shops which offer heavy discounts on computer furniture. Buying used computer workstations could be an icing on the cake. Remember, your bargaining skills may bring down the prices even further.

People tend to buy designer computer workstations which assembling could be a hard nut to crack without proper expertise. It may be money burning attempt for you as you may need to call a carpenter to assemble it. Thus go for a simple looking computer workstation which demands no expertise to get installed.

A computer workstation made of artificial or pressed wood comes comparatively cheaper than one made of natural wood. So going for the former option can be a better idea only if it is nicely polished. A qualitative polishing gives your computer furniture a near-natural look.

Keep checking the temperature and humidity level of the area around your computer workstation. Increased temperature and humidity may have adverse effect on your computer furniture which can be damaging to your computers too. This effects the durability of your computer workstation negatively. Of course, you never love to spend on your computer furniture every now and then .

Buying a computer can sometimes be a tricky task, especially if you are not all that sure about computers. Some people choose to go to a computer store when they want to buy a new computer, but this can have its downsides as the moment you step into a computer store sales people will be trying to get you to make a purchase. This kind of behaviour can often upset people who just want to browse around a computer store to see what type of computer they would like to buy.

If you are put off by this happening to you when you visit a computer store, you should think about getting one of the online computer stores instead. Don’t be put off by the thought of not being able to see computers in front of you, using an online computer store can help you make your choice in many different ways, such as:

• An online computer store will have a massive choice of different computers available online and many of them will be at a massively reduced price – something that isn’t normally often an option when you go into a store to choose your new computer package from a regular computer store.

• An online computer store also has a great deal of information relating to all of the different computers on sale, if you see a computer you are interested in you just simply click into the product description to find out more about your computer. Regular stores tend not to have much in-depth information about their computers listed close instead they will just be a brief specification rundown.

• With an online computer store you can also get more information by e-mailing a member of the sales team who will get back to you as soon as possible – without being pushy. Many people find this approach much friendlier and customer focused as they are not railroaded into making a decision on the purchase of a new computer.

• Buying from an online computer store can sometimes help you to get extra software, hardware peripherals for your computer for the same price that you would expect to pay just for a basic computer package in a regular style. Doing this means that you get a whole lot more your money which no one would turn down.

• Delivery times from an online computer store are just as fast as buying from a regular store, if not faster. These stores have massive stocks of computers all waiting to be delivered to your home, if you want a computer fast, buy one from an online computer store and you will not be disappointed.

Anyone who is looking to buy a new computer really should think about buying from an online computer store. You get the best help and advice without feeling pushed into making a purchase and you could save a small fortune on the cost of your new computer and your new computer accessories.

Buying a new computer can sometimes be quite time consuming, especially if you are trekking round computer stores looking for the best computers for sale. To make sure that you are getting the best deal when you are looking at computer for sale you need to compare prices. One of the best ways of doing this is to check out the different computers for sale online, as many of the biggest computer brands can be found at great prices.

Before you begin your search on the best computers for sale you will need to decide what you want your computer for. If you plan on using it for work or for school, you will want to get a computer that has the latest word processing applications and spreadsheet programs. The people who are into downloading music and films, you will be looking at the computers for sale that have a large hard drive storage, that way you will be able to store more music and films. Fans of online gaming will be looking for a computer that has a high end graphics card, a powerful CPU and plenty of memory, to ensure that they will get the best computer gaming experience. Today, the majority of computers are Internet ready, which means that as long as you have an Internet connection at home you will be able to plug straight in and surf the net.

To begin your search for the best computers for sale online you will want to check out online computer stores. That way you will get a good idea as to the sort of price that you will expect to pay for your new computer. As many of the computers for sale online are usually subject to quite large discounts, you will probably be able to buy an excellent quality computer for a lot less money than you would expect to pay in store. Due to this, people who look for computers the sale online generally get a really good deal on a new computer. You might even want to buy some extra software for your computer, and this too can be found at an online computer store, and usually at much cheaper price than you would expect to find in the majority of computer stores.

As looking for computers for sale online is so popular right now the delivery times your new computer should be reasonably fast, many of the stores will even offer delivery to your home address in just a few days – faster even than some of the computer stores in your hometown can offer you. So if you are looking for the best computers to sale, which are cheaper and can even come with some extras you should look online. You will probably be surprised at the sheer number of computers for sale that are advertised in the different online computer stores. Before you make any choice, do check out the massive variety and make sure that you buy a computer that meets your needs and also meets your price plan.

Let’s see if you are familiar with these scenarios. Scenario 1: You start your computer then wait and wait and wait for so many minutes until you see the welcoming image of the Microsoft Windows logo.

How about scenario 2? You click to open a computer program, let’s say Microsoft Office or Adobe Photoshop. You then experience the same situation as scenario one. You wait for like an eternity before the program fully loads and opens. I bet you can stand up, walk towards your kitchen, grab the garbage bag, go out of your house, throw the garbage bag into the garbage gan, walk back in, wash your hands at the sink then sit back in front of your computer and your computer program is still not yet finished opening.

It is these types of situations when you would normally yearn for the best slow computer fix. But rest assured that you are not alone. There are thousands or even millions of computer users all around the globe who are experiencing the same thing. They are also clamoring to get the best slow computer fix, and at often times, for free. It’s a great thing that there are a few things that you can try by yourself to help you fix this computer problem.

First things first. When was the last time that you defragged your computer? If you answer more than six months, then defragging your computer would be the first logical thing to do. For most people, just defragging their computer would serve as the best slow computer fix for them. This is especially true if you are a heavy computer user, that is, you use your computer day in and day out, almost 24 hours a week. If you don’t defrag, your files willl not be properly saved or categorized and it will take your computer a longer time just to find the right files to open.

Another thing that you should do is to run a disk error check. It is actually one of the best slow computer fix because it can find errors and bad sectors in your hard disk that might be the cause of your computer’s slowing down.

Also, you might want to use an anti virus software. Viruses are very common and always pose grave threats to our computers. They are also easily spread especially if you are constantly connected to the Internet. This is another possible type of best slow computer fix because some viruses are known to slow down the performance of computers as well as completely crashing them.

Lastly, there are various computer software that you can download from the Internet that will help you diagnose your computer, find its problems then fix it. Should a certain software cannot fix the problem, it can provide a suggestion on what is the best course to take to fix your computer. You can simply make a search for the ‘best slow computer fix’ or of the specific computer problem you are experiencing and you are sure to find the right tools that you will need.

With computers virtually in every home and office all across the globe, their importance to our daily lives have been felt greater with each passing day. We are now heavily relying on computers to help us with our office productivity as well as make our lives a little bit easier at home. But computers are just machines and therefore capable of breaking down from time to time. Should this happen, we are sure to find a free computer fix either through the computer shops or online where we can seek help for our computer related problems.

Getting a free computer fix is more achievable if done online unlike when you would try at any computer shop. I really doubt if there is a computer shop who will be willing to give you a free computer fix. After all, it’s their business to fix computers and understandably, they expected to earn from it.

Now if you want a free computer fix then you will have to do it yourself. There are two things that you can do. One is you can search for help and follow the instructions stated or you can download a software that will help fix your computer. Let us first discuss finding help from others.

A simple web search for your computer problem will give you countless results on advice and tips on how to fix your computer. There are websites, blogs, wikis and other such sites that you can find that offer help on how to conduct a free computer fix. The thing is, you will have to do everything yourself. You will just have to follow the instructions stated on the website. You must follow it to the letter and make sure that you truly understand what you are being told to do. Remember that the computer is a sophisticated and advanced machine that can easily be damaged with just a few tinkering of its parts.

As much as possible, try to find at least two other sources that deal with the same computer problem. This is to make sure that you are following the advice of not just one, but at least two computer experts. It will give you better peace of mind knowing that more than two people are advising the same thing.

Another way to get your free computer fix is by downloading and installing a software. There are computer programs, both free and proprietary, that offer to help fix your computer. These are usually registry cleaners, anti-spyware and anti-virus programs. Some provide a combination of these computer programs so you only need to download just one software.

These are two of the common and popular ways that you can get a free computer fix. The important thing to remember is before you try out a software or a process, you should do a double check first by asking someone more knowledgeable than you or at least find other resources that deal with the same topic. If you do this, you can easily and quickly fix your computer.

A brand new computer will not need a computer speed test because you are sure that it will run smoothly. As you use your computer you will come to notice that its performance gradually slows down. To make sure that your computer is performing as it was indicated in the package you need to perform a computer speed test.

There are different ways on how you can conduct computer speed test:

1. Look for a software that allows you to measure the speed of the computer’s CPU. This will give you an idea on how well your computer is doing. The CPU speed test application will let you compare your computer’s CPU score with other ratings internationally. If your computer’s measurement is in Mhz then you need to upgrade your system. Your CPU should be running not less than 1 Ghz especially when you are going to install large programs such as games or web development or programming tools.

There are also other computer speed test applications that will indicate if your computer is doing well by the color. Like for instance if the color is green the computer is functioning as stated by the manufacturer. If the color is red it means that the computer is running faster more than what was indicated in the package. For the color yellow, it means that the computer is running a bit faster.

There are also other computer speed tools that can indicate errors on the computer. Then it will provide solutions that will address the problem reported. And you have the option to push through with the repair or not.

These tools are for free so you can download several of these and compare the results you obtained from each of the application. Make sure that you uninstall the programs after use unless you decide to keep it.

2. The second method to perform computer speed test is very simple and you do not need any tool. First restart your computer and time its start up. Then take note of it. Browse through the programs that you have installed in the computer. If you have programs that you are not using then remove it.

Then remove temporary files, cookies, check the registry for corrupt or damaged files and clear the Internet cache. This can be done by using the cleanup utilities in the Microsoft Windows. This will free up space on the hard disk and memory of the computer. Then scan the computer for virus infections. Make sure that the virus/es found are deleted immediately by configuring the settings of the antivirus program,

After doing so, restart the computer and time it again. Compare the number to the first one that you took. You will notice that the computer starts faster and programs are loading smoothly.

But if the computer is still taking time to start up then your best bet will be to reformat the computer. It is safer to let a computer technician do this job. Just make sure that you have installers for the programs that you are going to need.

Computer speed tests will also evaluate the computer’s registry. Detecting registry errors will help the computer run faster because it will get rid of the complications occurring in the computer. The registry is where almost all important files are stored so it is important to maintain it in a good condition.

Almost everyone owns a computer and some are not aware on how to maintain their computer in good shape. If the computer slows down there initial reaction is that the computer is infected with a virus. Though, this is true but not all the time it is the main cause of the problem. It may be as simple as there are programs that are running in the back ground that should not be and many more.

Speed up computer by searching for the main cause of the problem and treating it. Here are the main reasons why the computer slows down and how to deal with it:

1. There are sectors on the hard disk that is not used, which makes storing new files difficult. This will relatively slow down the computer because it will have a hard time looking for a good sector to store information. There might be an available sector but it is not enough so it will look for another available sector and so on.

To speed up computer, defrag the computer once in a while. Twice a month is ideal and you do not have to be in front of the computer all through out when doing this. All you need to do is start the Disk Defragment tool and choose the drive you want to defrag. Once it has started running then you can just leave it because it will take several hours to finish.

2. Corrupted files can cause the computer to slow down. It can also result to the computer crashing which makes it difficult for the computer to shut down. To speed up computer, use the Scan Disk tool included in Windows operating systems. This will search for files that are not being used in the computer and that are safe to delete.

The files include temporary Internet files, Cache, Cookies and files in the Recycle bin. You have the option to delete the selected files or not.

3. The most common cause of a slow PC as mentioned earlier is virus infection. The computer can be infected after browsing a malicious website like pornography sites. Adware or spyware can be installed in the computer where in it can display several advertisements on the computer. This will gradually slow down the loading of programs and makes it impossible to work continuously.

Speed up computer by installing a reliable antivirus program. It is recommended that antivirus programs must be installed before using the computer especially when it is a brand new computer.

4. Sometimes unnecessary programs are installed in the computer that is not used frequently. Like for instance games, programs that you have forgotten to remove after trying it or trial programs.

Open the Control Panel and open Add/Remove Programs feature. This will display all the programs that are installed in the computer. Browse the list and look for the programs that you are not using then remove it. After removing programs always make it a point to restart the computer for the changes to take effect. Also if possible, look for the folder associated with the program under Program Files and delete the folders.

5. Programs that are running in start up can also slow down the computer. If a program automatically starts in Windows reboot it will access the memory and this can take up a space. And if several programs are running in start up all at once, the programs will compete on accessing the memory. This will make it harder for the computer to start completely.

To speed up computer start up, do not check the option that says “Automatically start on Windows Reboot”. This option is usually seen under the Settings of the program.

Registry cleaners are also important tools that you should have installed in the computer. This will help you maintain the registry and computer performance in good shape.

Having a slow computer can really cause someone terrible stress in this age of technological dependence. There are so many things that can only be accomplished through the services of a computer that works at high speed, including the fast completion of important office documents or school assignments, Internet-based research, and other use of computer programs and applications. If you have a computer that runs painfully slow, it’s understandable why you should feel frustrated. Thus, having your computer repaired as soon as possible is essential.

However, having your computer professionally fixed can be costly – and you can end up feeling even more frustrated with the huge amount you need to shell out just to have your computer running fast again. The good news is that you can fix your slow computer totally free of charge today, all on your own and without expensive assistance. All you have to do is read on.

One of the prime suspects in the presence of speed problems in a computer is chaos in the registry. The registry acts as the thinking tool of the computer, which means that it houses all the files that a computer has and organizes these files in order to make the computer meet the requests or commands of the user. If your registry is full to the brim, your computer would most definitely have difficulty managing the files efficiently and quickly. In order to solve slow computer problems, it is important that you keep your registry properly fixed using a tried and tested registry cleaner program or software.

Aside from the use of a proven program or software to clean out your registry, you also need to check other parts of your computer that also house files, particularly your recycling bin and your temporary files folder. It is a common misconception among users that once they delete a file, said file immediately gets removed from their computer system. On the contrary, the file is only transferred to another area, which is nowhere else than the recycling bin. The presence of too many files slows down a computer’s performance, so it is a must that the recycling bin be emptied not just once but on a regular basis. Meanwhile, the temporary files folder houses the Internet browser’s history and cache. Just like the recycling bin, the temporary files folder can get full if left ignored. Emptying it every now and then can reduce incidents of slow computer problems.

Computer files can really wreak havoc on a computer system. Sometimes, files wander around the hard drive and hide themselves in random folders where they do not belong. In order to solve this particular problem and deal away with a slow computer, performing def ragging on the hard drive is vital. A simple but thorough def ragging arranges your files and puts them in their proper locations. Defragmentation is actually one of the most basic things that a user should do to ensure top-speed performance of his or her computer.

You don’t need to spend a fortune on computer repairs if you have a slow computer. With a few tricks up your sleeve, like the ones you just read, you can solve your computer’s speed problems in no time and with no repair expenses.

When dealing with computer equipment and other high end technologies, its inevitable that one day your equipment will begin to hiccup and eventually develop problems. Sometimes we are able to solve the problem on our own or perhaps we simply cut our losses and buy newer equipment and forget about the whole dilemma. However the occasion arises when this equipment cannot easily be replaced and we need to resolve the issue ASAP.

One of the most obvious steps to take in order to fix your equipment is to call the manufacturers technical support hot line in hopes the technician will know how to fix your broken equipment. Often times the “support” is little more than an obvious call center where the technicians read a script and you sit and wait on the phone for hours. Wouldn’t it be great if you were able to get real support from real professionals here in the United States who act on knowledge and experience rather than a 900 page manual and script in front of them?

Well look no further. Geeks Mobile USA guarantees qualified local IT professionals and installers that will be able to help you with your Technical Support and will not waste your time. Skip the hassle and don’t waste time with other non-reputable technicians. Call us now at 1-866-959-4567 to schedule a service visit from our computer service technicians.

Geeks Mobile USA strives to ensure a high return of investment on Computer services for customers through the following services:

Home Computer Services:

Onsite Computer Services

Are you sick of taking apart your PC and bringing it to a repair shop every time it needs service-only to wait a long time to get it back? Our trusted technicians will come directly to your home to solve your computer troubles right on-the-spot. Simply call us to select an appointment time to fit your schedule. We offer same day service in most area.

PC Upgrades

Is your computer a few years old? Is it slow booting up? Are you running out of hard drive space? We can breathe new life into your PC by upgrading some of its critical components. Even if your system is fairly new, you can still upgrade your pc to accommodate your growing collection of digital photos, movies, files, or video games. Have questions about whether or not you should upgrade? Call us today!

Computer Networking

If you have more than one PC in your home, have you considered networking them together? A home network allows your computers to share photos, documents, and videos, and even an internet connection. Even better, a wireless network is the cutting-edge way to connect all of the pc’s and laptops in your home. Wireless networks are perfect for people who want to connect laptop and desktop computers or for people who don’t like to be tied down. And when you go wireless, you won’t have the inconvenience of tripping over messy network cables.

Malware and Virus Removal

Does it seem like your computer has a life of its own? It could be a virus or trojan. No matter what kind of computer you have, you always need the most up-to-date Anti-Virus software. Not only do Anti-Virus programs protect your computer from crashing, but they also prevent you from accidentally passing the infection to other computers of family and friends when you send e-mails or share files. If you’re unsure about which virus software to install or how to configure it, just give us a call!

Internet Security and Firewalls

How secure is your computer? As Internet usage has grown, so has the number of security threats. One way to protect yourself is to install a firewall, which keeps intruders from sneaking into your computer and accessing your private data. Firewalls also can alert you when unauthorized programs such as viruses and spyware attempt to transmit your sensitive information over the Internet. In particular, firewalls are crucial if you have the always-on Internet connection of DSL or a cable modem. Protect yourself and your family … with help from Geeks Mobile USA.

Data Backup and Recovery

How often do you backup your PC? If it were to crash or be stolen, would you lose important data? Geeks Mobile USA recommends installing a rewritable DVD burner or an external hard drive. In addition to helping you to backup your data safely, we also offer data-recovery services that can try to recover lost files resulting from hardware malfunctions, software conflicts, or viruses.

Preventive Maintenance

You wouldn’t drive a car for years without changing the oil, so why ignore your computer? Like any investment, your computer needs constant care, which means keeping it free of dust. When was the last time your PC had a thorough cleaning? If it has been more than six months, it is time to schedule a preventive-maintenance visit.

Small Business Computer Services

Repair & Troubleshooting

Our expert technicians come directly to your office in LA to provide on-the-spot help for troubled notebook and desktop computers. We offer same-day computer repair service, 7 days a week.

Network Services

Your network is vital to your business. When problems happen, you need a company with a fast response time. In addition to traditional wired networks, our technicians are experts at installing, configuring, and securing wireless networks. Whatever your computing needs are, Geeks Mobile USA provides the solution.

Data Recovery

Has your company experienced data loss due to hardware malfunctions, viruses, or other unexpected errors? Call the professionals. Our technicians provide backup and recovery solutions to businesses that require urgent assistance on their premises.

Internet Installation

If your business needs assistance in connecting high-speed internet access to all of the computers on your network, Geeks Mobile USA can handle it all.

Customized Service Plans

Lower your costs for the latest technology and minimize downtime with our fast, on-site services. Our support agreements are completely customizable to meet the needs of your organization.

Malware and Virus Removal

Does it seem like your computer has a life of its own? It could be a virus or trojan. No matter what kind of computer you have, you always need the most up-to-date Anti-Virus software. Not only do Anti-Virus programs protect your computer from crashing, but they also prevent you from accidentally passing the infection to other computers of family and friends when you send e-mails or share files. If you’re unsure about which virus software to install or how to configure it, just give us a call!

Nationwide Computer Repair Services:

Geeks Mobile USA leverages a nationwide network of onsite and remote support professionals to bring you reliable service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, Whether your offices are in LA or anywhere in the country.

Geeks Mobile USA offers one stop shopping for all your computer repair needs in Los Angeles. Whether you need network wiring done at a building before you move your office there, or a single point of contact for all your computer repair and maintenance needs, Geeks Mobile USA can help.

Our Services Include

• Proactive Network and Server Monitoring, 24/7 nationwide.

• Emergency off-hours support

• Assistance with moving to new offices

• Equipment setup at multiple locations

• Network and Server Repair and installation

• Remote support and helpdesk services.

• Consolidated It support and billing

• Single point of contact for all Los Angeles Computer Repair and IT-related needs.

Do you own or manage a computer consulting company? Are you having trouble growing your computer consulting company’s profits?

If so, then you must learn how to focus on your computer consulting firm’s profit and bottom line.

In this article, we’ll look at 7 profit secrets and strategies you can use in your computer consulting business, to ensure that you are able to balance your clients’ small business IT needs against your own computer consulting company’s profitability challenges.

Origins of the Problem

While focusing on your computer consulting profits may sound simple enough at first glance, this business-focused discipline often eludes many a computer consulting firm.

This usually happens because many computer consulting business owners fall in love the technology gadgetry, and get seduced by seemingly attractive reseller channel programs, at the expense of their business’ profit.

At the end of the day however, your computer consulting company is a business… not a charity and not a hobby. And your computer consulting company must be run like a business.

Profit Secret #1: Show motivation with your small business computer consulting clients.

To avoid being labeled as just another clueless geek, you need to position your computer consulting services to be more in line with those of a virtual CIO for hire. So always be on the look out for new ways to enhance your clients’ businesses… not just fix broken desktops and servers.

Profit Secret #2: Be dedicated to the task and relentless in your pursuit to improve the status quo.

Because it takes a lot of work to land the best computer consulting clients, you need to focus on lifetime customer value… not just one-shot-deal sales. So always remember that your proposed or recently implemented computer consulting technology solution isn’t a one-shot deal. This kind of long-term vision and planning requires tremendous staying power and perseverance… which often escapes many computer consulting business owners.

Profit Secret #3: Don’t be afraid to be creative with your client engagements.

Small business technology solutions often need to stay within relatively modest budgets. And your computer consulting solutions must work without the need for in-house IT staff. To satisfy these challenges, don’t be afraid to think outside of the box when appropriate.

Profit Secret #4: Evaluate how your clients’ systems, both paper- and computer-based, function today.

As part of your virtual CIO role, look at how these existing clients systems are meeting or not meeting present and future needs. Most of this work will be done during IT audits… another key computer consulting profit secret that can really help to separate you from the pack of mediocrity.

Profit Secret #5: Put yourself in your clients’ shoes and think about what THEIR clients need from them.

Yes, as a computer consulting business owner, you need to have good people skills and a certain degree of empathy for your clients’ business problems. But an even more advanced computer consulting business owner doesn’t just stop at understanding their clients’ business problems. The virtual CIO really digs in and learns about their clients’ customers’ business problems… one layer down on the value chain.

Profit Secret #6: Keep up with advances and new versions.

As virtual CIO for your computer consulting clients, your clients depend on your firm to advise them on what tools can better help their businesses grow. So while you can’t allow this R&D and training to consume and devour all of your scarce weekly schedule, you do need to stay a few steps ahead of your clients’ IT needs at all times.

Profit Secret #7: Summarize and share that information with your clients.

The essence of your R&D and training should focus on one major objective: will this new platform or tool add value to your computer consulting clients’ existing or future installations? And how you can best summarize this information, in layperson language that non-technical clients can understand?

The Bottom Line

Your computer consulting firm’s needs to be your client’s virtual IT department can often be at odds with your computer consulting firm’s need to be profitable. A big part of this problem happens because computer consulting business owners fall in love with technology, at the expense of their marketing and sales activities.

To make sure you don’t fall into this same strap, which can kill your computer consulting profits, don’t go overboard with your training and R&D activities. Be sure to keep business development activities in your weekly schedule… EVERY week. If you want to keep your computer consulting profits as healthy as possible, make sure that you’re proactive in your marketing and sales activities… dig the well for computer consulting profits BEFORE you’re thirsty.

You can find online bargains, including coupons for discounts, when you shop online for both Apple Computers and Hewlett Packard computers. Both of these computer companies are highly revered in the industry. While some people prefer to use a PC and others prefer a Mac, both of these computer companies offer stellar computers with a fine reputation.

Winning the Popularity Polls

Many people prefer using Apple Computers because they are very user friendly. Those who work with graphic design and are looking for the most user friendly computer often choose a Mac over a PC. There are several different systems that you can use when you are using a computer and a Mac and a PC are two of the most commonly used computer systems today. The Mac computers, made by Apple, cost a bit more but are very slim, easy to use and feature state of the art components.

This is not to say that the Hewlett Packard computers are none the worse for the wear. In fact, Hewlett Packard is one of the top brands in the PC industry. They are the makers of Compaq, another name that you can trust when it comes to PC computers. Most people, when searching for a PC, prefer to look for the Hewlett Packard name. They have filled the slot that was once dominated by IBM.

Exchanging Coupons for Computers

Buying either the Hewlett Packard computers or the Mac computers entails you going online or to a retail store to make your purchase. If you are looking for a computer coupon to get a discount on a computer, you may want to do a search online for the coupon. When you order a computer online at the Hewlett Packard site or Apple site, you can put in a coupon code to get a discount on your purchase. If you have a printed coupon, you can often use the code on the coupon to get the discount right online.

Although you can get a Hewlett Packard computer at virtually any store that sells computer, including online vendors, you can only get an Apple Computer at an Apple retailer. There are stores that sell only Mac computers that are located in off sites, such as malls, as well as online. You have more choices when it comes to finding competitive prices for a Hewlett Packard computer than you do with an Apple computer as there are fewer venues that sell the Macs.

Many people prefer the PC computers offered by Hewlett Packard over the Mac computers offered by Apple because there are more people working on these computers and more software programs that are compatible with the PC computers. Online, you will find that many downloads are only compatible for those working on a PC. However, because the Macs are so easy to use, as well as have a reputation for being reliable and lightweight, they are a formidable competitor of the PC. Whether you choose a PC from Hewlett Packard or a Mac from Apple, you should look for coupons that will enable you to save money when you are purchasing a brand new computer.

The use of computer graphics can be traced as far back as 1940, when Jay Forrester at M.I.T. designed equipment for training new pilots. The digital computer was chosen as the ideal instrument, because of its adaptability and the flexibility with which the machine could be programmed. It was not until a few years later that a radar defense system project named Whirlwind showed the first practical use of computer graphics (see fig. 1.2). Whirlwind is a computer linked to radar sites, and it displays an electronic map of the location on its monitor with plot blips that represent incoming airplanes. Whirlwind is the first vacuum-tube computer capable of drawing lines and points on a computer screen.

In 1958, an experimental filmmaker, John Whitney, Sr.,created a short animation by using the analog computer to control the movement of the character. Whitney used the same system to create the opening title sequence of Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo. Later Whitney and his brother produced more films based on similar techniques.

In 1957, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) opened its company with only three employees. Three years later, DEC introduced the PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor), the world’s first small interactive computer (see Fig. 1.3). DEC has played a huge role in the development of computer graphics. “The Programmed Data Processor (PDP-1) is a high-speed, solid state digital computer designed to operate with many types of input-output devices with no internal machine changes. It is a single address, single instruction, and stored program computer with powerful program features. Five-megacycle circuits, a magnetic core memory and fully parallel processing make possible a computation rate of 100,000 additions per second. The PDP-1 is unusually versatile.

IBM helped General Motors to develop DAC-1 to showcase General Motors’ automobiles at the Joint Computer Conference in Detroit in 1964. The breakthrough came when Ivan Sutherland at M.I.T. created a computer drawing program called Sketchpad in 1961. Sketchpad is the father of all CAD programs. Sutherland created this sketching program for his doctoral thesis at M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory. Sketchpad allowed users to draw simple shapes on the computer with a light pen. The light pen used a small photoelectric cell in its tip to emit an electronic pulse when the pen was placed in front of a computer screen. Many software companies still use Sutherland’s Sketchpad program’s interface today. This was the first instance in the history of computer graphics that demonstrated the possibility of Computer Aided Drafting and Design (CADD). Sutherland’s Sketchpad was a perfect example of vector-based graphics comprising lines rather than being based on pixels.

The first video game was created by a student, Steve Russel, at M.I.T. in 1961. Spacewar was the world’s first video arcade game that was written for the DEC’s PDP-1. Later DEC packaged Spacewar with every new unit, so the world’s first video game was run on DEC. By the end of the 1960s, CADD began to appear in the mechanical, civil, chemical, and automobile industries. However, such advancement in digital technology had not captivated the field of architecture. The main reason for the delay was perhaps the high cost associated with CAD systems at the time.

Major corporations such as TRW, General Electric, Lockheed-Georgia and Sperry Rand began to use computer graphics. IBM introduced the first commercially available graphics computer, the IBM 2250 graphics terminal, as a result of the new found interest in computer graphics.

In 1963, the mouse was being invented by Doug Englebart of the Stanford Research Institute. At the same time, the digitizing tablet was being developed. Both the mouse and the digitizing tablet are 2D point devices; therefore you need to switch X and Y coordinates to access a Z coordinate. True 3D pointing devices come at a high cost, which is a major reason why the mouse is still a popular pointing device today. Products such as Spaceball by 3Dconnexion or 3D Controller by Logitech prove effective in 3D space. These products enable the user to pan, zoom and rotate 3D models with accurate control of the design process.

To follow is a list of important events in the 1960s that profoundly affected the future of computer graphics.

1961- Whitney produced the title sequence for Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo by using an analog computer.

1963- Doug Englebart invented the world’s first mouse. At about the same time, the digitizing tablet was developed.

1966- Ralph Baer at Sanders Associates created a first video game for consumers. The same year, Sutherland at MIT invented the computer-controlled head-mounted display system. Many years later, this device is being used for virtual reality study.

1968- Evan and Sutherland created the LDS-1 (Line Drawing System) for hardware-accelerated graphics. LDS-1 is more than 100 times faster than the IBM 2250.

If the 1960s were an era of experimentation in computer graphics, the 1970s saw the birth of the personal computer. Many theories brought computer graphics to a new level of realism. In 1974, Ed Catmull discovered texture mapping, z-buffers and rendering curved surfaces in his Ph. D. thesis in computer science.

In 1971, Phong Bui-Toung at Utah developed a new shading method that was an improvement on the old Gouraud-shading. Phong’s shading method accurately renders the colors on a mesh surface and produces accurate reflective surface shading, but both Gouraud and Phong’s shadings have difficulties in smoothing over the outline edge of a 3D object.

In 1976, James Blinn of Utah developed a new technique called Bump mapping. Bump mapping can simulate the roughness of a surface by interpreting a grey scale map.

Today you don’t need to develop your own 3D software in order to render realistic images. You don’t have to be a millionaire to purchase a computer that runs 3D software. Creating computer rendering is not an impossible dream, but a reality.

 

 

Hardware is the most important aspect of a computer. However, a majority of people focus on buying quality software for their computer and finally end with replacing them over and over again due to frequent attacks by viruses and spywares. The fact is that your computer won’t function properly until you purchase good quality computer hardware for yourself. Once you purchase quality computer hardware you’ll be free from any hardware problems.

In order to buy computer hardware, you must have sufficient knowledge about the various hardware components. You must know that the motherboard is the most important aspect of your computer hardware. It consists of many resistors, diodes and capacitors that constitute the electrical and logical connection of the computer system. The motherboard is placed in the CPU of a computer. The CPU performs various logical and mathematical operations that lead to proper functioning of software.

It also consist of a visual display controller that provide you with good resolution, therefore you can watch images, videos and flash images with more clarity. Moreover, the RAM should have sufficient memory to support smooth functioning of various software. Therefore, you must make sure that you buy quality hardware components that accurately support your system software.

Therefore, one must be really cautious while purchasing computer hardware for themselves. Generally, people prefer buying branded computer hardware in order to avoid any fake components. However, branded computer dealers don’t guarantee you with a fair deal for components. Therefore, one should buy computer hardware through online computer hardware dealers.

They provide you with quality hardware components at affordable prices. You can also purchase hardware from various dealers and assemble them to create the most effective computer hardware for your computer system. Therefore, one must buy computer hardware through an online computer hardware portal in order to achieve proper functioning of software on the computer system.

Computers have become part of everyone’s life now-a-days. Whether it is offices, banks, restaurants and shops, you can see computers everywhere. They have become part and parcel of life. Computers come with various accessories called computer equipment. Computer equipment may include processors, desktop monitors, LCD display monitors, plasma monitors, computer projector screens, printers, and scanners. No company can do without computers. To run a company, especially if it is a software company or a company that deals in content writing, it needs computers.

Computers occupy space and so does computer equipment. Since companies are also facing the problem of shortage of spaces, they need cabinets to store computer equipment. Computer equipment cabinets can be really handy and help companies logistically place computers in their premises, saving space as well as money. There are various manufacturers that offer computer equipment cabinets. Some of these companies deal in sheet metal parts and cabinets.

These manufacturers design and manufacture cabinets with the latest advanced techniques. Using electronic engineering techniques, these manufacturers manufacture computer equipment cabinets of the highest standard. You can surf various websites to look for a manufacturer that designs computer equipment cabinets. You can make your own choice to buy computer equipment cabinets to suit your requirements. You will also be able to compare prices and buy them as per your financial ability. This way you will be able to make a valid choice.

Through surfing websites, you will be able to buy computer equipment cabinets that are of the highest quality. You will be able to search various manufacturers that will design and create cabinets with the best materials available in the market. Cabinets are made considering various factors such as the sensitivity of electronic components.

So if you have just purchased a computer and want to ensure that you are able to place them at perfect positions and want that they stay with you for a longer period of time, it is time to buy computer equipment cabinets and see the difference.

As an owner of one of the internet cyber cafes in this world, I have come to know much about computers more than I used to know when I was still at school. In school we could find our computers already waiting for us and we couldn’t know the procedures the administrators pass through to make them run as they used to do.

After getting much time with computers everyday I now know why computers are sometimes slow. All computers are the same as long they are maintained by the person who can manage them efficiently. It doesn’t need you to first go for master’s degree in computer science to make your computer run faster. Just follow my simple explanations and your computer will be faster.

You should always avoid unnecessary start up programs .Whenever you install a program on your computer, I think you have seen that it tries to show up every time you start your computer. Let come what may, this will retard the speed of your computer. What you must do is always to avoid them to start without your knowledge because they are also using an unnecessary amount of RAM on your computer.

· The first thing to do is to run a disk clean up………… How do you do this?..

Go to Start

Then to Programs

Then Accessories

Then to System tools and then lastly click on Disk Cleanup.

This will automatically show you all the files that need to be removed and the space you will gain after removing those files..

· Ever heard disk defragmentation? The amount of the data you put into your computer is scattered on your computer hard disk and what is needed is to make it come together so that the computer doesn’t use a lot of force to get the expected data through different paths. How do you do disk defragmentation?

Go to start

Then to programs

Then to accessories

Then to system tools

And lastly to Disk Defragmenter.

This will show the possibility of first to analyze how your computer’s data is scattered on your computer and after analyzing it shows you how much space you are not using because of the fragmentation of data on your computer. Then you will have to defragment and make your computer faster.

· If you’re through with disk defragmentation, you can now go for registry congestion clean up. When ever you are on your computer especially using the internet, you always download programs from the internet. These programs are always on the computer registry and even if you delete them or sign them out, they are still in the registry and for that matter you need to clean up the registry to get the space for more downloads and quick access to your computer.

Lastly but not least, if you are using your computer to browse the internet, I think by now you have known that there are some free programs that can be used to clean your computer just by one click on your computer. For me I have been using CCLEANER for almost a year now and I haven’t seen any problem with at all.

What you have to do is, Go to Google and write install free ccleaner and you will be directed on how to download it. It will not take more than 5 minutes. To assure you this program will make your computer faster than before.

There are also good programs for cleaning that can be bought from TigerDirect.com. I mean if you have cash and you want your computer to work to the fullest, the go ahead and buy and if you are like me who wants to try the other way round, then follow the above guidelines about speeding your computer and I am sure you will give me a call once in a while to appreciate what I have written today on this article.

In our company we always face some challenges when a new computer is up in market. Every worker is talking about new laptops and their special features and at the end of the day every one feels like getting one of such of a laptop. But Young generation workers get it hard to decide whether they should buy an expensive notebook computer with their little salaries that’s when our boss came up with the decision of notebook computer leasing.

In this modern world everything can be leased out .Some people think that leasing and renting is left to cars and real estate and forget that they can also go leasing and renting of laptop computers. The best thing with notebook computer leasing is that you get a modern notebook that suites you. This could be hard when you decide to buy one because new notebooks with modern programs are always expensive.It doesn’t make any sense for you to buy a notebook every three months but with computer leasing you can get a new notebook after every 3 months. Many companies face a shortage of money when it comes to purchasing of computers to every individual in a company. Computers loose value quickly and for that matter one should consider leasing than buying. Like any machinery computers are vulnerable to depreciation which means that one will have to buy a notebook every year and that means that the company will be loosing a lot of money in buying a computer for every individual in the company. But considering buying computer to leasing, it can be cheaper to a company because after the elapse of the agreed period the computer will be returned back and may be given a new one or refresh the contract if the computers are still functioning to its fullest.

In this computing world it is on record that every other day new programs are manufactured and some computers that were purchased some years ago don’t have those programs. How will you manage to get a computer with new programs at higher price? Just go for a computer leasing and you will be relieved because this may not need the involvement of looking for a loan from the bank like the case of computer buying.If you are in a big company, you need to engage your accountant to determine whether the company should go for laptop computer buying or renting option. Low cost computers are found everywhere as long as one wants computers for secretarial work in their offices.Some sections of the company may need high end computers which may require the company to lease from out and if the company sees it right, it may go ahead and purchase them. So it is up to the company to sort things out.Depending on the size of the company, the computers shouldn’t be a burden. But suppose it is a small company that can manage its workers closely, then the decision of buying may occur. On the other hand when it is the big company with many branches in different places, the decision of rent to buy may be used .So depending on individual decisions, one could think of renting a computer or buying.

WHERE TO GET THEM? Almost all bigger computer companies like Dell, Sony, Toshiba and many others deal in notebook computer leasing .It is up to your company to contact any computer suppliers near you to see how the deal can be dealt with.For individuals, there are very many companies on the net that deal on notebook computer selling and renting. A company like Tigerdirect can give good deals on Laptop renting and leasing.

Houston computer repairs are common and will always be something Houston business owners have to attend to. There is no way you can avoid computer issues, as long as you have a computer. The need for a quick and affordable repair is the top priority for the majority of business owners. Houston computer repair technicians are easily found and will offer you all the support you need and at a very affordable price.

Your office uses technology for the majority of its day to day running’s; you need your computers to communicate with clients, customers, and other businesses. You have business phone systems that may be linked to your network and offer desktop features for your employees; your important information is stored in data bases on your computes hard drives. Any problems that arise with your server, networks, or individual computer systems can easily be handled by a good Houston computer repair technician.

Houston computer repair technicians are available for many services, they can offer you advice on upgraded a current system, replacing older equipment, adding components to your computers, firmware updates for your servers, configuration of your networks, setting up wireless networks, or to simple maintain or repair an individual computer system.

You can find that Houston computer repairs are a popular search by simply visiting a major search engine and typing Houston computer repair in the search field. The amount of links you will be given will be overwhelming to most and can be tedious to sort through them all on your own.

You do not want to choose the first Houston computer repair technician that comes up, just because their website came up in the top spot, does not mean their service will. You can talk to other businesses in your area, find out what Houston computer repairs they have received and from which company, and find out if they were satisfied and if they are still using them.

There are many websites that will offer you a list of Houston computer repair technicians that have been sorted and checked out for reliability.You can browse through listing of Houston computer repair technicians and companies that have been tried by other companies in your area and been approved for reliability, affordability, and service. There may be reviews from other clients and companies, ratings from the site or the users, but it will make your life much easier when deciding on your Houston computer repairs.

Hiring a Houston computer repair technician can prove to be more affordable than having an onsite technician who stands around and gets paid while waiting on something to go wrong. The benefit of having a good Houston computer repair technician on your team is that he or she only is paid when needed, and will offer the reliability and speed just as an onsite employee would, just without the weekly payroll that is deemed unnecessary, only pay for what you need, when you need it.

Today we come to the 21th. and the laptop computer changed much and lift our life. now almost everyone has a laptop computer. but do you konw what is the modern l aptop computer?

 We live in a very technologically advanced world that we could not seem to imagine living back to the time when computers do not exist. Having computers was considered to be a luxury but today it has become more of a necessity. Computers are being used everywhere and for everything. It can be seen in school, at work, at home and anywhere else you could possibly imagine. It is used for research, entertainment, communication and in every field of work there is. Having a computer makes us do thing faster and easier. It allows us to do tasks that would take hours to do manually with a simple click of a button. If majority of people has a computer – may it be a laptop computer, desktop or notebook pc; are you part of that majority? Even if your answer be yes or no; Cheap Shopping Center will surely be of great help to you.

Cheap Shopping Center gives a wide selection of computer products. The store offers desktop pc’s which is a personal computer intended for use only at a single location. You can find a whole computer set that includes everything you need to have a fully operational desktop pc or you can choose to look for parts and assemble the computer on your own. You can also find replacement parts or just simply parts you have been missing or would want to upgrade. Commonly, CPU’s are the most searched computer part as you will not need to buy a whole new computer set but would only need to upgrade the computer’s CPU to enhance the use of your computer. The CPU serves as the brain of the computer where all important files and software are located. Computer monitors, keyboards, mouse and speakers are also part of the computer but are seldom changed. No matter what type or model of these parts you have, they commonly serve only their main purpose. You can opt to change these parts and upgrade for a newer and better feel to your computer.

The store also offers laptop computers which is a small mobile light weight computer. Any brand you would want to find, such as Acer, Dell, Toshiba and other brands, can easily be searched for in this store. Laptops unlike a desktop pc don’t have separate parts but they also come with accessories such as power adapters, battery packs, and USB cables. All these accessories and more can also be found on this store.

There is also some hardware you can use to add-on to your computer. A printer is important because this allows you to produce a hard copy of whatever file you made on your computer. Scanners are used to produce images of a hard copy into your computer. This serves almost a reverse purpose of the printer. Webcams are used to takes videos of you while in front of the computer. This is often used for communication. Joysticks are used for games played on the computer. All these could be connected to your desktop or laptop pc. There are many more computer parts and accessories not mentioned which you are probably using or would like to use. If you are looking for the best place to get these parts, why not try going on the web and type on Cheapshoppingcenter.com and you might find here exactly what you are looking for.

Desktop computers are high on features, which give benefit for the personal as well as for the business purpose. Motherboard is the main part or component of the desktop computer, which is connected to the other computer accessories. The desktop computer accessories are the keyboard, display screen, speaker, mouse, printer, DVD-ROM etc. Desktop computers are more durable, which increases their utility and capacity to perform variable duties. The Desktop computers are mainly divided into three categories. These categories are Desktop Computers, Gaming PC’s and Workstations. The normal Desktop computers are usually used at home or in the corporate field. Workstations are connected to the local area network(LAN) and tend to integrate multiple computers. The gaming computer is the electronic gaming device, which is meant to play computer games. There are lots of latest desktop computers available in the market, which attract consumers attention. Some latest desktop computers are Dell XPS 400, Gateway DX310 Series, Apple iMac, HP Pavilion Series, Compaq Presario Series, Sony Vaio RB60, emachines D5039, Alienware Area 51 Series, Fujitsu Esprimo C, Lenovo 3000 J series and many more. Among all these desktop computers one of the best computers is the Apple desktop computer. The Apple desktop computers are speedily gaining steam in the market. The Apple desktop computers are first in the desktop computer race with a good reason. This device comes with an excellent music and video capabilities. The latest Apple desktop computer is the Apple iMac with Mac OS X. This system is loaded with amazing features. Users can easily reboot the system even when the computer is locked. This computer device is the fist choice of consumers at affordable price. The Apple Desktop Computers also comes out with Macworld to its collection. The iMac G5 is the outstanding and ultimate Apple’s computer. This computer is compatible with flat-panel screen, fast processor speed, wireless networking, DVD writer and 160 GB of hard drive space. It is also integrated with editing option, which includes photo manager, editing option, video editing capabilities and DVDs using editor. The Apple desktop computers are the advanced computers, which include Xserve, Xsan, and Mac OS X Server.

As a computer technician, the #1 question I receive from customers is – How can I make my computer faster? My first piece of advice is always the same. Before investing hundreds even thousands of dollars on upgrades or new computers, why not make sure your computer is running at top speed first. And I will tell you, over 95% of people I have met are not utilizing the full speed of their computer.

And often times I am perplexed. After all, people spend tons of money on the latest and fanciest equipment. Yet they spend no time performing maintenance tasks. Their computer runs slow and they just ask how to make my computer faster. Well follow these three steps and you can turn your computer from a Volkswagen to a Ferrari.

Eliminate unnecessary startup programs. Every new piece of software we install thinks it should open automatically every time we start our computers. Well this is hogwash. Not only does it cause your computer to have a slow startup, it also eats up valuable RAM and gives your computer a sluggish feeling. Eliminating as many programs as possible will make your computer faster than ever.

Use the disk defragmenter. I advise people to run a disk defrag once a month. How often do you run one? What the disk defragmenter does is quickens your computers access to data. Many files are fragmented and need to be compiled into neat sections. The disk defragger will make your computer run faster when accessing and running different programs.

Clean up Windows registry. The Windows registry is one of the most complicated, important, and least understood areas of our computer. The registry contains the information to run every single piece of software and hardware in our computers. And more often than not, the directory is a complete mess. Yet at the same time because it is such a sensitive area, no one should attempt to clean their registry without the help of a program. When people ask “how to make my computer faster” the #1 biggest help is a clean and optimized Windows registry.

For computer experts, these steps should be quite easy. Those of you who are less than experts, don’t worry. I actually use a program that can perform all three of these tasks very easily. Not only will it make your computer faster, with scheduled scanning and auto repair and cleaning, you can actually completely automate the maintenance of your computer. Simply set it and forget it. Before you throw hard earned money at new equipment why not give this a shot first. Scan your computer below for free.

If your answer is yes, then you are probably one of the many computer owners out there who have or do not perform maintenance works on their PC. Computers, like the humans who have built them, are prone to error. Through time, a computer’s performance will gradually slow down, but with the proper care and maintenance, a computer’s life will remain robust and healthy. Many PC users take maintenance tips for granted, not knowing that these are the very things that can solve their computer’s speed problems.

Maintenance tips can keep your computer perform smoothly so you won’t have to wonder why is your computer very slow. Your computer is exposed to a number of harsh elements on a regular basis, including heat, dust, and moisture – all of which can cause its deterioration and make your computer very slow. The first thing you need to be mindful of is the way you turn off and turn on your computer. You should turn off your computer only after Windows has properly shut down; otherwise, you’ll cause adverse effects to your hard drive. When you turn on your computer, avoid entering commands until Windows has fully started up; otherwise, you’ll cause your computer to slow down.

In connection with power, it is strongly suggested that you protect your computer from critical power outages and high and low voltage occurrences by using an uninterruptible power supply or UPS. A UPS functions better than a surge protector; it will help your computer hurdle through power disasters of any kind and keep it away from crashes that can turn a computer very slow. Loss or cutting of power may lead to the loss of important data or the impossible recovery of files. Another way to protect yourself from these unfortunate events is by performing back up every time. Most homes have UPS; you just need to search your house for one that you can use.

One of the most common reasons that make a computer very slow is the presence of viruses, malware, and spyware, which are all mortal enemies of your computer system. It is thus very important that you scan your computer for these harmful elements on a regular basis and defrag your computer once in a while. Run a free yet tried and tested anti-virus, anti-malware, and anti-spyware removal software package. Keeping your registry clean all the time is one of the secrets in maintaining your computer’s good speed. Since your registry functions as the main command processor of the entire computer system, it only follows that it will suffer from performance problems when it becomes too cramped or full. Use a free reliable registry cleanup software package to get your registry organized once again and to free up space on your memory. Not only can lack of memory space make a computer very slow, it also causes runtime errors.

Doing maintenance work on your computer is easier than most PC users think. Moreover, it’s the best and cheapest way to prevent your computer from running very slow.

There are times when computers can behave badly. You can experience computer crashing; computer freezing and computer system can run slow. These problems are normal for any computer system today whether you like it or not. Some problems can be recognizable while others are just difficult to figure out. However, you have to try to identify want causes the problem such as computer freezing and crashing to be able to solve it properly.

Every time your computer does not succeed in responding, there is a huge probability that your computer is experiencing a problem. Computer freezing can also happen when the computer is active doing different tasks. There are times when the computer suddenly stops while saving a certain file during printing. You can try checking out the power cable if the computer screen is blank. However, there are latest computer models that have a feature wherein the screen blanks out automatically in order to save energy. Just press on keys to make the computer screen return to normal.

You can experience computer freezing due to cable disconnections. It is important to check first before making any actions. Then, you can try pressing the ‘Esc’ key if your connections are fine but still having an unresponsive computer. If computer freezing still exists, try pressing ‘Ctrl’, ‘Alt’ and ‘Del’ keys altogether. The combination of these keys lets the computer to warm boot or to restart in those DOS days. This combination has a different usage in the Windows operating system. The Close Programs box with the list of the current running programs will be presented when the ‘Ctrl’, ‘Alt’ and ‘Del’ keys are pressed. The ‘not responding’ script will then appear if Windows find any unnecessary programs. Highlight the said program name and then press the ‘End Task’. Better to save whatever data you are working on for it might be affected with the process. Using the ‘Ctrl ‘+ ‘Alt’ + ‘Del’ task is another choice to be able to restart your computer as the last resort.

‘Ctrl’ + ‘Alt’ + ‘Del’ combination is used differently in Windows XP. ‘Windows Task Manager’ screen will appear when these buttons are pressed. To see the recent running programs, just click the application Tab.

There are certain times wherein Windows Task Manager Box or Close Program Box suddenly stops unexpectedly. All you need to do when this happens is a computer restart. You can press the restart button if your computer has one and if not, just turn off your computer. Then turn it on again after a few minutes. You need to wait for a several minutes before turning the computer on to allow the components to stop completely before the system restarts. Before attempting to turn off your computer, make sure you have saved any data. Although there is an AutoSave feature in most programs, it is still difficult to depend on it.

It is important to be aware of spyware and viruses that may cause compute freezing. Scanning your computer is a good idea to know the real cause of the problem.

Online computer support services are highly user friendly, designed according to customer’s business needs and highly affordable. The evolution of IT, cost cutting, and process automation has pushed many computer help resources services in demand.

Both individual computer users and small home businesses have to face the technical complexities because of lack of instant computer help. Traditional methods of troubleshooting such computer problems depend on consulting with computer technical manuals or discussing the case with friends or hauling computers to local computer repair showrooms offering temporary solutions, but forget to educate the users.

Online computer help centers offer world class computer technical support services right over the phone or via the Internet through remote desktop connection. They provide breakthrough tips and tweaks on how to install, upgrade, and maintain new software/hardware or operating systems, fix errors, and even optimize computers.

Consumers can observe and follow the procedure of how to troubleshoot their own computer problems, while getting real-time advice in an interactive and friendly manner. Computer help technicians are highly trained to handle both simple as well as complex computer errors.

Technicians working with computer help resources follow a step-by-step approach for diagnosing software or hardware problems and fix them right away. Computer help users can get proper technical help from experienced support professionals in interactive sessions. Computer technical support services also include manufacturer specific support services.

But, these online computer help services are proved to be extremely beneficial and affordable for computer enthusiasts. Another benefit is their round the clock availability. This eliminates a need for customers to haul their product like computers or any other to any local computer repair shop.

Another big benefit remains the quality services and an unexceptional expertise. Online computer help centers hire a highly trained staff to handle every kind of support queries whether complex or simple, just to help customers avail the best!

You can search for exclusive computer help resources by carrying out a simple search on the Internet. You may also refine your search by using keyword like computer help, computer support, and technical support. This will get you a refined search.